social interaction ch 9

status

perceived position in society used to classify individuals

ascribed status

involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, and so on

achieved status

voluntarily earned by an individual

master status

the status by which an individual is primarily identified

role

set of beliefs, values, and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social situation

role performance

refers to carrying out the behaviors of a given role

role partner

a person with whom one is interacting who helps define the roles within the relationship

role set

contains all of the different roles associated with a status

role conflict

occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously

role strain

occurs when one has difficulty satisfying multiple requirements of the same role simultaneously

groups

made up of two or more individuals w similiar characteristics that share a sense of unity

peer group

a self selected group formed around similar interests, ages, or statuses

family group

group into which an individual is born, adopted, or married

in-group

is a social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging or identifies as a member

out-group

a social group with which an individual does not identify

group conflict

occurs when an out-group competes with or opposes an in group

reference group

group to which individuals compare themselves

primary groups

are those that contain strong, emotional bonds

secondary groups

often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall

Gemeinschaft (community)

group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs , ancestry, or geography

Gesellschaft (Society)

group unified by mutual self interests in achieving a goal

group think

occurs when members begin to conform to one another’s views without critical evaluation

network

an observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups

organizations

bodies of ppl w a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals

emotion in social situation modesl

basic OR social construction

basic model

states that there are universal emotions along w corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures

social construction model

states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions

display rules

unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion

cultural syndrome

shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among ppl sharing the same language and geography

impression management

refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished thru various strategies

self-disclosure

sharing factual information

managing appearances

refers to using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations to create a positive image

ingratiation

using flattery or conformity to win over someone else

aligning actions

the use of excuses to account for questionable behavior

alter-casting

imposing an identity onto another person

dramaturgical approach

says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience

front stage

where individuals are seen by the audience and where they strive to preserve their desired image

back stage

where indiviudals are not in front of an audience and where they are free to act outside of their desired image

verbal communication

conveyance of info thru spoken, written (text or electronic), or signed (ASL) words

nonverbal communication

conveyance of info by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions, and gestures

animal communication

takes place not only between nonhuman animals, but btween humans and other animals as well. animals use body lanugage, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents and vocalizations to communicate