cells science 2026 sem2

Nucleus

Controls the activities of the cell and contains DNA.

cell membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance where many chemical reactions occur.

Mitochondria

Releases energy from food through cellular respiration.

Ribosomes

Make proteins.

Cell wall (plant only)

Provides support, strength and protection.

Chloroplasts (plant only)

Absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

Vacuole (plant)

Stores substances such as cell sap and helps maintain the cell’s shape.

DNA

Genetic material that contains instructions for how the cell works.

Plasmid

Small circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria.

Animal cell

Have a nucleus Have a cell membrane Have cytoplasm

Have mitochondria Have ribosomes No cell wall No chloroplasts

bacteria

No nucleus, DNA is loose in the cell ,Have a cell membrane, Have cytoplasm, Have ribosomes, Have a cell wall

plant

have a nucleus, have a cell membrane, have cytoplasm, have mitochondria, have ribosomes, have a cell wall, have chloroplasts, have a large permanent vacuole

prokaryotic cells

do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cells

have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.