5 & 6 - Basic Elements of Design // Formal Organizations

point line plane volume

recap: basic elements of design

shape size color texture position orientation visual inertia

recap: properties of form

shape

characteristic outline or surface configuration of a particular form; principal aspect

size

physical dimensions of length, width, depth of a form; determine proportions.

scale

determined by its size relative to other forms in its context

color

phenomenon of light and visual perception based on perception of hue, saturation, tonal values; most clearly distinguishes a form; visual weight

texture

visual and tactile quality given to surface by the size, shape, arrangement and proportions; degree it reflection and absorbtion of light

position

location of form relative to its environment or visual field

orientation

direction of a form relative to the ground plane; compass points

visual inertia

degree of concentration and stability of a form

circle, square, triangle, pyramid, cone, sphere, cylinder

properties of form : shape

circle

centralized, introverted figure that is normally stable and self- centering in its environment.

triangle

signifies stability. When resting on one of its sides, an extremely stable figure

square

represents the pure and the rational. It is a bilaterally symmetrical figure having two equal and perpendicular axes.

cone, sphere, pyramid, cylinder

shape: primary solids

transformation

human centered, interdisciplinary process that seeks to create desirable and sustainable changes

transformation design

about applying non-traditional territories; creation of new roles, orgs, systems, policies.

additive subtractive dimensional transformation

3 transformation of forms

additive transformation

the addition of elements to its volume; determine whether the identity of the initial form is altered or retained.

subtractive transformation

transformed by subtracting a portion of its volume. Depending on the extent, the form can retain its initial identity or be transformed into a form of another family.

dimensional transformation

altering one or more of its dimensions and still retain its identity as a member of a family of forms.

mimetic architecture

when a structure mimics something else

size

element of design

scale

principle of design

additive form

produced by relating or physically attaching one or more subordinate forms to its volume.

subtractive form

results from the removal of a portion of its original volume

spacial tension, edge2edge, face2face contact, interlocking volumes

basic possibilities of additive form

spacial tension

This type of relationship relies on the close proximity of the forms or their sharing of a common visual trait, such as shape, color, or material.

edge-to-edge contact

the forms share a common edge and can pivot about that edge.

face-to-face contact

This type of relationship requires that the two forms have corresponding planar surfaces which are parallel to each other.

interlocking volumes

the forms interpenetrate each other’s space. The forms need not share any visual traits.

centralized form

A number of secondary forms clustered about a dominant, central parent-form

linear form

A series of forms arranged sequentially in a row

radial form

composition of linear forms extending outward from a central form in a radial mann

clustered form

collection of forms grouped together by proximity or the sharing of a common visual trait

grid form

set of modular forms related and regulated by a three-dimensional grid

centralized, linear, radial, clustered, grid form

formal organizations

curvilinear, vertically, enclose potion of space, define edge, plane of entry, organizing element

purposes of linear form (6)

core

either the symbolic or functional center of the organization.

central

can be articulated with a visually dominant form, or it can merge with and become subservient to the radiating arms.

radiating arms

having properties similar to those of linear forms, give a radial form its extroverted nature.

radial forms

can grow into a network of centers linked by linear arms.

clustered organization

groups its forms according to functional requirements of size, shape, or proximity.

clustered forms

flexible enough to incorporate forms of various shapes, sizes, and orientations into its structure.

grid

system of two or more intersecting sets of regularly spaced parallel lines.

grid

It generates a geometric pattern of regularly spaced points at the intersections of the lines and regularly shaped fields defined by the lines themselves.

size

relationship between the area occupied by one shape to that of the area occupied by another

romantic landscape painters of the early 19th century

exaggerated size differences to add tension was a popular devise when

david roberts

used the technique of amplifying size difference in many of the watercolors he brought back from exotic locations

st marks cathedral venice

is heavily decorated with gold leaf and beautiful mosaics but, more than anything, its enormous scale makes the worshipper feel small and humble under the shadow of such beauty and grandeur.