Chemistry Test 1 Material

What is the reference range for fasting plasma glucose?

70-100 mg/dL

OGTT at 2 hours should be:

less than or equal to 140 mg/dL

CSF glucose =

60% of plasma glucose

Hemoglobin A1C reference range is:

<5.7%

Name the enzyme associated with carbohydrate metabolism.

amylase

Define glycogenesis.

the conversion of glucose to glycogen

Define glycogenolysis.

the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Define gluconeogenesis.

the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

Define glycolysis.

the conversion of glucose to lactate or pyruvate

What is insulin produced by?

produced by beta cells

What is the main function of insulin?

Enhances entry of glucose into liver, muscle, and adipose tissue

What does insulin “promote“?

Storage of energy substrate in form of glycogen, fat, and protein

What effect does insulin have on glucose?

decreases glucose

What does glucagon stimulate?

Stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

What effect does glucagon have on glucose?

increases blood glucose

What does epinephrine stimulate?

Stimulates glycogenolysis

What does epinephrine promote?

promotes Lipolysis

What effect does epinephrine have on glucose?

increases glucose

What does cortisol stimulate?

stimulates gluconeogenesis

What effect does cortisol have on glucose?

increases glucose