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What is the reference range for fasting plasma glucose?
70-100 mg/dL
OGTT at 2 hours should be:
less than or equal to 140 mg/dL
CSF glucose =
60% of plasma glucose
Hemoglobin A1C reference range is:
<5.7%
Name the enzyme associated with carbohydrate metabolism.
amylase
Define glycogenesis.
the conversion of glucose to glycogen
Define glycogenolysis.
the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Define gluconeogenesis.
the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
Define glycolysis.
the conversion of glucose to lactate or pyruvate
What is insulin produced by?
produced by beta cells
What is the main function of insulin?
Enhances entry of glucose into liver, muscle, and adipose tissue
What does insulin “promote“?
Storage of energy substrate in form of glycogen, fat, and protein
What effect does insulin have on glucose?
decreases glucose
What does glucagon stimulate?
Stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
What effect does glucagon have on glucose?
increases blood glucose
What does epinephrine stimulate?
Stimulates glycogenolysis
What does epinephrine promote?
promotes Lipolysis
What effect does epinephrine have on glucose?
increases glucose
What does cortisol stimulate?
stimulates gluconeogenesis
What effect does cortisol have on glucose?
increases glucose