Biochemistry and Intro to Chemistry - Lecture Notes Review

Flashcards covering key concepts from the notes on biochemistry, acids/bases, bonds, pH, and protein roles.

What is biochemistry?

The study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms; the chemistry of life in the body.

What are bases?

Substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; typically have pH above 7.

What is acidosis?

A condition of excess acid in the body; symptoms can include rapid breathing and confusion.

What is activation energy?

Energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

What are catalysts?

Substances that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed.

What is an enzyme?

A molecule that accelerates specific biochemical reactions.

What is a polar molecule?

Molecules that have a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end due to uneven electron distribution.

What is a nonpolar molecule?

Molecules that have an even distribution of electrons and no distinct charged ends.

What is chemistry?

The study of matter and chemical reactions.

What is an ion?

An atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge.

What is a molecule?

Two or more atoms bonded together.

What is an ionic bond?

Formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions that attract.

What is a covalent bond?

A bond formed when atoms share electrons; can be single, double, or triple bonds.

What are acids?

Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; typically have pH below 7.

What is pH and how are the ranges described?

A scale from 0 to 14 measuring acidity/basicity; 0–6.9 is acidic, 7 is neutral, above 7 is basic (alkaline).

What is alkalosis?

A condition of excess base in the body; symptoms can include muscle cramps and irritability.

What is calcium's role in the body?

Calcium is involved in muscle contractions, nerve signaling, and other concentration-related physiological processes.

What does concentration refer to in solutions?

The amount of solute in a solution; commonly expressed in units like milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL).

What does protein do in tissues?

Proteins rebuild tissues such as skin and connective tissue.