Studied by 0 people
Which agricultural practice is employed by people who move from place to place with their cattle
Nomadic Herding/Pastoral Nomadism
What are the characteristics of intensive farming
High inputs of labor and capital relative to land area, aiming to maximize crop yield per unit of land. It often involves the use of advanced technology, chemical fertilizers, and irrigation.
What are the characteristics of extensive farming
Low inputs of labor and capital relative to land area, focusing on large-scale production with lower yields per unit of land. It typically involves less intensive management and often relies on natural rainfall.
Clustered
settlement patterns where homes and farms are grouped closely together, often seen in rural areas. Commonly found in Europe.
Dispersed
settlement patterns where homes and farms are spread out over a larger area, typically found in North America.
Linear
settlement patterns where homes and farms are arranged in a line, often along a transportation route or river, commonly found in regions with geographical constraints.
Historically, why did clustered settlement patterns in agriculture form?
Human need for connection, shared resources, and protection from external threats like wolves.
Historically, why did dispersed settlement pattern in agriculture form?
need for more land for food production, better land and soil access, and reducing competition among farmers.
Historically, why did linear settlement pattern in agriculture form?
Necessity to transportation routes, water sources, and fertile land.
Metes and Bounds
A system of surveying land that uses physical landmarks and distances to define property boundaries.
Township and Range
Used a grid pattern to determine property boundaries.
Long lot
A way of dividing land that creates long and thin stips of land connected to a water source, allowing for fertile soil and access to transportation.
Historically, how and why was the Metes and Bounds survey method used?
This method was used in great Britain and was brought to North America during colonization to define property lines. People would decide what two landmarks their property spanned between (a particular tree, hill etc). This is why the plots of land were so irregularly shaped.
Historically, how and why was the Township and Range survey method used?
Was created because it was a way to keep track of land sales and purchases. Land was split up into plots of 6 miles by 6 miles and could be sold whole, half, or quarterly.
Historically, how and why was the Long Lot survey method used?
Started in France and Spain and was spread to North America through colonization. It was created so that all farmers had the same access to water and transportation methods, making sure no one had an unfair advantage. The smaller side of land would be attached to a river and move further away in long strips, allowing for a lot of other farmers to do the same and have access to the same amount of water as the first farmer.
What is the Second Agricultural Revolution and when did it occur
The second agricultural revolution was the widespread use of machines to help improve our agricultural practices. It occurred in 1750 during the industrial revolution.
What changes happened during the Second Agricultural Revolution?
Commercial agriculture began, there were fewer but larger farms, and many people moved into cities because not everyone had to be farmers to survive (specialisation of labour).
What are 4 specific inventions/changes that occurred?
Invention of the cotton gin, steel plough, barbed wire, and seed drill.
What is the Green Revolution and when did it occur
The Green Revolution was the development of higher yielding, faster growing varieties of food through genetic modification. The Green Revolution promoted the used of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and mechanical machinery in developing countries. It started in the 1950s and 1960s.
Pros of the Green Revolution
Created more food in the same amount of time and the same amount of land.
CONS of Green Revolution
Environmental consequences include the impaction of ecosystems, polluting the water, poisoning animals, soil erosion and salinization, air, sound and water pollution, and a loss of biodiversity. Many countries also excluded women from agriculture as it became more mechanised which contributed to gender inequality.
What is the next Green Revolution
The use and promotion of limiting pesticides and GMOs
What is the purpose of Subsistence Agriculture?
To feed the farmers family or immediate surrounding area
What is the purpose of Commercial Agriculture?
To sell their crops globally and make a profit
Percentage of workers employed as farmers in Subsistence Agriculture
40-80%
Percentage of workers employed as farmers in Commercial Agriculture
Less than 5%
Percentage of Machines Used to Farm in Subsistence Agriculture
Less than 20%
Percentage of Machines Used to Farm in Commercial Agriculture
More than 75%
Farm size of Subsistence Agriculture
Small
Farm size of Commercial Agriculture
Large
Subsistence Agriculture’s relationship to other businesses
Limited
Commercial Agriculture’s relationship to other businesses
Important
Why are there fewer family farms
Monocropping and Agribusiness puts small family farms out of business because they are not able to produce enough food for it to be worth the money for markets or consumers to invest in the produce they offer.
Explain the process of commodity chains
The agricultural inputs (seeds, fertilizer etc) are used by the producers who grow, harvest and raise the product. The processors then transform the products into ingredients and packages which are then sent to distributors where the food and ingredients are distributed regionally, locally and globally. It is sent to retailers and food services where the food is made available to consumers. The consumers then cook or eat the food.
