21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World - Module 2: Poetry of the Archipelago

40 flashcards covering poetry concepts, author bios, specific works, and foundational fiction concepts from the provided lecture notes.

What is the Big Idea about Poetry in this lesson?

Poetry is a reflection of the country's history, changing lifestyles and values, and expresses emotions and hopes for the future.

What are the main sources of early Philippine poetry described?

Oral tradition with depictions, proverbs, riddles, and folksongs, often with a formal poetic scheme.

Which languages have influenced Filipino poetry according to the notes?

English, Filipino, Visayan, Bikolano, among others.

What formal shift did Philippine poetry undergo after romanticism?

Move toward formalist poetry focused on form and language, followed by modern poetry with more experimentation.

What elements are emphasized in poetry as per the lessons?

Senses, imagery, diction, and rhyme scheme.

List the five main kinds of imagery discussed.

Visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and auditory imagery.

How is imagery defined in poetry?

Carefully chosen words that create mental pictures experienced by the reader through the senses.

What is diction in poetry?

The denotative and connotative meaning of the words used in a sentence or poem.

What is a rhyme scheme?

The pattern in which rhymes are arranged in lines and stanzas to create a coherent sound.

Who wrote the poem 'Gabu'?

Carlos A. Angeles.

What is the subject of the poem 'Gabu'?

The sea's restlessness and a wasteland coastal scene, described with powerful imagery.

Where was Carlos Angeles born?

Tacloban, Leyte.

What notable recognition is associated with Carlos Angeles?

His poem 'Gabu' is widely read in English; his work appears in US poetry anthologies; Memorial Awards in Poetry.

What is activity imagery?

Imagery that creates pictures in the reader's mind through figurative language representing objects, places, ideas, or actions.

What is organic unity in poetry?

All interdependent parts of a literary work contribute to one whole; understood through close reading.

What is close reading?

Analyzing a poem by careful, repeated reading to interpret its meaning.

Which Marjorie Evasco poem is used for close reading in the notes?

'Is It the Kingfisher?'

Where was Marjorie Evasco born?

Bohol.

Who introduced the reversed consonance rhyme and comma poems?

Jose Garcia Villa.

Which awards did Jose Garcia Villa receive?

Guggenheim, Bollingen, and the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

Who is described as the 'mother of us all' in Filipino short-story writing?

Paz Marquez Benitez.

What is symbolism in fiction?

The use of a character, object, or event to signify something beyond its literal meaning.

How is a short story defined in the module?

A story that is entirely made up; fiction; may resemble reality but is circumstantial.

Which two Rizal novels are mentioned?

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

What is 'Dead Stars'?

A pioneering Filipino English-language short story by Paz Marquez Benitez.

Who is Francisco Sionil Jose?

A prominent Filipino author known for social struggle themes; one of the most widely read Filipino writers.

What are the elements of a short story?

Character, Setting, Conflict, Plot, and Theme.

What is conflict in fiction?

The struggle in the story, which can be internal or external.

What is exposition in Freytag's pyramid?

The beginning of the story that sets the scene, introduces characters and background.

What is the inciting incident?

The event that begins the action and triggers the central conflict.

What is rising action?

The series of events where the conflict develops and the tension grows.

What is the climax?

The point of greatest tension in the story.

What is falling action?

The consequences after the climax, leading toward resolution.

What is denouement?

The ending or final resolution of the story.

What are verbal, situational, and dramatic irony?

Verbal irony: saying one thing but meaning another; Situational irony: outcome differs from expectation; Dramatic irony: readers know more than the characters.

What is Realistic Fiction vs Non-Realistic Fiction?

Realistic fiction could happen in real life; Non-Realistic involves impossible technology or beings/not possible in reality.

What is Tanaga?

A Filipino poem form of four lines, seven syllables per line, with end rhymes (AABB, ABAB, ABBA, etc.).

Name four 21st-century genres discussed.

Blog, Chick Lit, Creative Nonfiction, Flash Fiction (also Hyperpoetry, Tanaga adaptations, Speculative Fiction).

What is Hyperpoetry?

A digital poetry form that uses hypertext links; highly visual; order may be non-linear and reader-driven.

What are the key features of Tanaga in the modern form?

Traditional form remains seven-syllable lines with rhymes; modern tanaga allows flexible rhyme patterns.

What is the purpose of close reading in understanding poetry?

To analyze and interpret a poem by careful, repeated reading to uncover its meaning.

What is the setting in fiction defined as?

The time and place in which a short story happens; described through landscape, scenery, buildings, and weather.

What is the function of symbolism in fiction?

To convey deeper meanings by using symbols that represent broader ideas or communities.

Who is Merlinda Bobis?

A writer, dancer, and visual artist from Legazpi City who writes in English, Filipino, Tagalog, and Bicolano, often exploring diaspora and immigrant experiences.

What is the role of Jose Rizal's works in Philippine fiction discussed in the module?

They are examples of long, sustained critical stories about Spanish rule and influential in Philippine literature.