MORT 3048: Chapter 27 (done*)

Prions

infectious proteins

What are prions made of?

protein

Spongiform encephalopathies

disease caused by prion aggregates that cause nervous degradation

Amyloid

a waxy, starchlike protein that tends to build up in tissues and organs in certain pathologic conditions

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Chronic, progressive, fatal disease of the central nervous system caused by a prion

Symptoms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Dementia with rapid onset and involuntary movements

Is there a treatment for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

No

Gertsmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome

Rare human prion disease with genetic basis

Fatal familial insomnia

a fatal inherited disorder characterized by progressive insomnia

Symptoms of fatal familial insomnia

hallucination, body temp increase, blood pressure irregularities, abnormal heart rate, dementia, and poor reflexes

Viruses

tiny particles, smaller than bacteria and other pathogens, which must invade living cells in order to reproduce; when they invade, the cells are damaged or destroyed in the process releasing new particles to infect other cells

pathogen of inclusion disease

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

mode of transmission of inclusion disease

contact with body secretions such as saliva, urine, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk

signs and symptoms of inclusion disease

fetal birth defects; in adults symptoms include prolonged fever and mild hepatitis

pathogen of ebola hemorrhagic fever

ebola virus

mode of transmission of ebola

body fluid contact

signs and symptoms of ebola

acute fever, headache, arthritis, muscle pain, sore throat, weakness, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, rash, red eyes, hiccups, internal and external bleeding

pathogen of encephalitis

encephalitis virus

mode of transmission of encephalitis

mosquito bite

signs and symptoms of encephalitis

chills, fever, headache, confusion, coma

pathogen of mononucleosis

Epstein-Barr virus

mode of transmission of mononucleosis

transfer of saliva

signs and symptoms of mononucleosis

infection of the parotid salivary glands, fever, sore throat, fatigue

pathogen of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Hantavirus

mode of transmission of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

inhalation of virus from infected rodent

signs and symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

fatigue, fever, muscle aches, headache, dizziness, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, dyspnea

pathogen of infectious hepatitis

Hepatitis A virus

mode of transmission of HAV

fecal-oral route or ingestion of contaminated water or food

signs and symptoms of HAV

anorexia, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, fever, jaundice, chills

pathogen of HBV

Hepatitis B virus

mode of transmission of HBV

contaminated body fluids

Signs and symptoms of HBV

chronic or fatal, causing scarring and hardening of the liver, jaundice, liver cancer, or liver failure

pathogen of HCV

Hepatitis C virus

mode of transmission of HCV

blood transfusion

sign and symptoms of HCV

similar to HBV

pathogen of cold sores

Herpes simplex 1 virus

mode of transmission of cold sores

oral or respiratory route

signs and symptoms of cold sores

cold sore lesion on mouth

pathogen of genital herpes

herpes simplex 2 virus

mode of transmission of genital herpes

sexually transmitted

signs and symptoms of genital herpes

chronic painful blistering on genitals, flulike symptoms, fever, swollen glands

pathogen of AIDS

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

mode of transmission of AIDS

sexually transmitted, sharing IV drug needles

signs and symptoms of AIDS

failure of immune system

pathogen of flu

influenza virus

mode of transmission of flu

inhalation of repiratory droplets

signs and symptoms of flu

fever, chills, headache, cough, sore throat, extreme fatigue

pathogen of epidemic parotitis

mumps virus

mode of transmission of epidemic parotitis

inhalation of respiratory droplets

signs and symptoms of epidemic parotitis

swelling of parotid salivary glands, fever, painful swallowing, orchitis, meningitis, pancreatitis, oophoritis

pathogen of poliomyelitis

poliovirus

mode of transmission of poliomyelitis

fecal-oral route, contaminated water

signs and symptoms of poliomyelitis

sore throat, fever, nausea, vomiting, meningitis, paralysis

pathogen of rabies

rabies virus

mode of transmission of rabies

animal bite or inhalation of aerosolized virus

signs and symptoms of rabies

encephalitis, inability to swallow, paralysis

pathogen of German measles

rubella virus

mode of transmission of German measles

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

signs and symptoms of German measles

Red spots and fever that can lead to encephalitis

pathogen of measles

rubeola virus

mode of transmission of measles

inhalation of respiratory droplets

signs and symptoms of measles

red spots on face, trunk, and extremities that can lead to encephalitis; symptoms are more severe than in German measles

pathogen of coronavirus

SARS-CoV-2

mode of transmission of coronavirus

inhalation of respiratory droplets

signs and symptoms of coronavirus

high fever, coughing, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing, dry cough and pneumonia

pathogen of chicken-pox

varicella-zoster virus

mode of transmission of chicken-pox

inhalation of respiratory droplets

signs and symptoms of chicken-pox

lesions of the face, throat, lower back, chest, and shoulders that fill with pus an dry forming crusting

pathogen of shingles

varicella-zoster virus

mode of transmission of shingles

reactivation of varicella virus

signs and symptoms of shingles

blistering of the waist, face, chest, and back that follows the sensory nerve paths and can lead to paralysis

pathogen of smallpox

Variola virus

mode of transmission of smallpox

respiratory route

signs and symptoms of smallpox

characteristic of pox lesions of the skin and organs

pathogen of West Nile encephalitis

West Nile virus

mode of transmission of West Nile encephalitis

mosquito bite

signs and symptoms of West Nile encephalitis

inflammation of nervous system

Viral infection that favors the body's abdominal organs

viscerotropic

skin lesions caused by the herpes zoster virus

shingles

the first vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner, and it was a vaccine for

smallpox

Orchitis and sterility can result from

mumps

type of hepatitis that is primarily spread through fecally contaminated food or water

Hep A