3. Sufi Movements & Vocabulary

Origin of Sufi Movements

Changed early Islamic belief that Dar al-Harb (Land of War) could become Dar al-Islam (Land of Islam) through Jihad (striving/struggle).

Khwaja Ali Hujjwiri (11th Century)

Also known as "Data Ganj Baksh".

Shaikh Bahauddin Zakaria (1182-1262)

Founder of Suhara-Wardi order, founded the leading Khanqah in India at Multan.

Naqshbandi Silsila

A chain of succession in the Naqshbandi Sufi order of Sunni Islam.

Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti (1141-1236)

Founder of the Chisti order.

Ajmer Sharif

Built in honour of Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti (Mohammad Bin Tuglaq was first Sultan to visit).

Sheikh Hamiduddin Nagauri (1192-1274)

Saint of Chisti Order.

Khwaja Qutubuddin Bhaktiyar Kaki

His disciple, Qutubuddin Aibak, started construction of Qutub Minar (1206) in his name.

Baba Jariuddin/Ganj-i-Shankar (1175-1265)

Popularly known as Baba Farid and Sultan-ul-Mashaikh. His verses are compiled in Guru Granth Sahib.

Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya (1236-1325)

Popularly known as Mehboob-i-Illahi and Yogi Siddha (3 titles).

Syed Muhammad Gesu Daraz

Popularly known as Bandanawaz.

Shaikh Nasiruddin Mahmud

Later known as Chirag-i-Delhi.

Shaikh Badruddin Samarkandi (13th Century)

He founded Firdausi Order.

Tasawwuf

Sufism

Shaikh/Pir/Murshid

Spiritual teacher

Murid

Disciple

Khalifah

Successor

Khanqah

The hospice (house of resting)

Sama

Musical recital

Raksa

Dance

Fana

Self annihilation

Ziyarat

Pilgrimage to the tombs of Sufi Saints