CJ 341 Final Exam (Cases)

Weeks v. United States (1914)

Established the Exclusionary Rule for federal cases

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Applied the Exclusionary Rule to state courts via the Fourteenth Amendment

Leon v. United States (1984)

Established the "Good Faith" Exception to the Exclusionary Rule for evidence seized under a defective warrant

Tennessee v. Garner (1985)

Limited deadly force: cannot shoot a fleeing

Chimel v. California (1969)

Defined Search Incident to Lawful Arrest (SILA) to the area within the arrestee's immediate control for weapons or evidence

Rochin v. California (1952)

Ruled that physically intrusive police tactics that "shock the conscience" violate the Due Process Clause

Arizona v. Hicks (1987)

Clarified the Plain View Doctrine

Arizona v. Evans (1995)

Extended the "Good Faith" Exception to include police reliance on erroneous information from court clerks in a computer database

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Mandated that suspects be read their Fifth Amendment rights (Miranda Warnings) before any custodial interrogation

Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)

Ruled that a suspect has a Sixth Amendment right to consult counsel when the investigation shifts to focus on them in custody

Katz v. United States (1967)

Redefined the Fourth Amendment scope

Bumper v. North Carolina (1968)

Ruled that consent to search is invalid if it is granted only in submission to a false claim of lawful authority (e.g.

Delaware v. Prouse (1979)

Ruled that police cannot conduct random

Whren v. United States (1996)

Ruled that a traffic stop's objective probable cause for a violation makes the officer's subjective motivation (pretext) irrelevant

Schmerber v. California (1966)

Established Exigent Circumstances allowing warrantless blood draws incident to arrest due to the rapid dissipation of alcohol evidence

Brigham City v. Stuart (2006)

Reaffirmed the Emergency Aid Exception

Minnesota v. Dickerson (1993)

Established the Plain Feel Doctrine: contraband can only be seized during a Terry frisk if its identity is immediately apparent by touch

Terry v. Ohio (1968)

Created the Stop and Frisk rule

California v. Carney (1985)

Affirmed that the Automobile Exception applies to motor homes when they are readily capable of use on highways

Carroll v. United States (1925)

Created the Automobile Exception

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Ruled the Sixth Amendment's right to counsel applies to indigent defendants in all felony cases (and later

Graham v. Connor (1989)

Established the "objective reasonableness" standard for judging an officer's use of force from the perspective of a reasonable officer

New York v. Belton (1981)

Established a bright-line rule allowing the warrantless search of the entire vehicle passenger compartment incident to a lawful arrest

Arizona v. Gant (2009)

Limited the Belton rule

Illinois v. Gates (1983)

Established the "Totality of the Circumstances" standard for determining probable cause based on an informant's tip

Warden v. Hayden (1967)

Affirmed the Hot Pursuit Exception and allowed police to seize any items of "mere evidence

Maryland v. Buie (1990)

Established the "Protective Sweep" doctrine

United States v. Matlock (1974)

Ruled that the voluntary consent of a person with "common authority" over a premises is valid against an absent co-occupant

Georgia v. Randolph (2006)

Ruled that a physically present co-occupant's explicit objection invalidates consent given by another co-occupant for a search

Riley v. California (2014)

Ruled that the warrantless search of digital data on a cell phone seized incident to arrest is unconstitutional and requires a warrant