The American Journey Ch. 10

Eli Whitney

From Massachussets and invented the cotton gin in 1793

Samuel Slater

Worked in a factory that used machines invented by Richard Arlwright; memorized plans; built the first cotton mill in America in 1790

Industrial Revolution

the creation of technology that grew industry during the late 1700s through the 1800s

Capital

money for investment

Technology

the application of scientific discoveries for practical use

Cotton gin

a simple machine that quickly and efficiently removed seeds from cotton fibers, increased the demand for slaves in south

Patent

gives an inventor a sole legal right to the invention and its profits for a certain period of time

Factory System

a system bringing manufacturing steps (machines, raw material, labor) together in one place to increase efficiency/productivity

Interchangeable Parts

large quantities of uniform pieces that could replace any other identical pieces; Eli Whitney

National Road

a road that stretched from east to west; Congress approved funds for this in 1806, and it began to be used in 1811

Robert Fulton

developed a steamboat with a powerful engine in 1807

Clermont

Fulton's first steamboat; went to Albany in 1807

Erie Canal

a 363 mile long canal that was fed from Lake Erie that was one of the first canals to have locks; completed in 1825; Made NYC most important Atlantic port

Census

official count of the population; the first census was in 1790

Turnpike

toll road

Canal

artificial waterway

Locks

seperate compartments where water levels were raised and lowered

James Monroe

The 1816 presidential election Republican canidate

John C. Calhoun

a planter from South Carolina and a war hawk
- supported state sovereignty & rights

Daniel Webster

served in both the house and the senate representing Massachusetts
- Supported trade and spoke in defense of the Nation

Henry Clay

a leading war hawk from Kentucky; helped work out the Missouri Compromise

McCulloch v. Maryland

the case in court in 1819 when the federal bank refused to pay state tax

John Marshall

the chief justice during McCullough v. Maryland and Gibbons v Ogden, cases both increased power of the Federal Government

Sectionalism

loyalty to a region

Internal Improvements

federal, state, and privately funded projects

American System

a program made by Henry Clay in 1824

Convention of 1818

set the official boundary between canada and the U.S.

Andrew Jackson

a general that invaded Spanish East Florida

Monroe Doctrine

US statement that Europe should not interfere within North and South America, no new colonies in western hemisphere

Disarmament

the removal of weapons

Demilitarize

a border without armed forces

Court Martial

to try by military court

Missouri Compromise

passed in 1820 to preserve balance between Free / Slave states
- included Missouri as slave & Maine as free

Francis Lowell

opened a textile plant in Waltham, Massachusetts in 1814; his mill launched the factory system

Rush-Bagot Treaty

signed in 1817; This agreement set limits on the number of naval vessals Great Britain and the United States could have on the Great Lakes.

Adams-Onis Treaty

agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States; signed in 1819

Second Bank of the United States

Helped fuel industry by lending money to businesses

Power Loom

Water powered machine to weave cloth

Spinning Jenny

Water powered machine to spin cotton into thread.

Capitalism

Economic system based on private ownership and free enterprise

free enterprise

a system where people are free to buy, sell and produce whatever they want and work where they wish.