ch5

API (Application-Program Interface)

A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications that allow programs to interact with a database server.

JDBC

Java Database Connectivity; a Java API for connecting and executing queries with a database.

ODBC

Open Database Connectivity; a standard API for accessing database management systems.

Embedded SQL

SQL statements that are embedded within a host programming language like C or Java.

Cursor

A database object used to retrieve, manipulate, and process query results row by row.

Trigger

A statement that is automatically executed by the database system in response to a specific event such as insert, update, or delete.

Transitive Closure

A recursive view that represents all direct and indirect relationships in a hierarchy or prerequisite structure.

OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)

A category of software technology that enables analysts, managers, and executives to gain insight into data through fast, consistent, interactive access.

Rank() function

A window function that assigns a unique rank to each row within a partition of a result set.

Recursive Query

A query that refers to itself in order to perform complex data retrieval operations involving relationships like hierarchical data.

Compound Statement

A statement that groups multiple SQL statements for execution that may include local variable declarations.

Functions and Procedures in SQL

Subroutines written in SQL (functions) or in an external programming language (procedures) for performing operations on data.

Trigger Time

Specifies when a trigger should be executed, either before or after an event such as insert, update, or delete.

Row_Number()

A window function used to assign a unique sequential integer to rows within a partition of a result set.

Window functions

Functions that perform calculations across a set of table rows that are somehow related to the current row.

Ntile() function

A windowing function that distributes the rows in the ordered partition into a specified number of buckets.

Pivoting

The process of rotating data from rows to columns to summarize and analyze data easily.

Rollup

A SQL extension used to generate subtotals across multiple groupings.

Data Cube

A multidimensional array of data used for organization of data in OLAP.

Hierarchy in SQL

An organizational structure that allows data to be viewed at different levels of granularity.