Secondary Assessment

What is the purpose of the secondary assessment?

To perform a systematic physical examination of the patient, either head-to-toe or focused on a specific area or system based on the chief complaint.

What determines which aspects of the physical examination are used in a secondary assessment?

The circumstances and the patient’s chief complaint dictate which aspects of the examination are performed.

What are the three main components of a secondary assessment?

Inspection, palpation, and auscultation.

What is involved in inspection during a secondary assessment?

Looking at the patient for abnormalities, such as swelling or other signs that may indicate acute injury or chronic illness.

What is palpation and how is it performed?

Palpation is touching or feeling the patient for abnormalities. Fingertips detect texture and consistency, while the back of the hand is best for noting temperature. Pressure can be gentle or firmer to identify areas of pain.

What is auscultation and how is it performed?

Auscultation is listening to the body’s sounds using a stethoscope. Ensure the stethoscope earpieces face forward when placed in your ears.

What does the mnemonic DCAP-BTLS help with in patient assessment?

It helps remind you what kinds of abnormal findings to look for when inspecting and palpating various body regions.

Why should you compare findings on one side of the body with the other?

To identify asymmetries and determine which conditions are new versus chronic.

What can odors detected during assessment indicate?

Odors can indicate infections, certain medical conditions, or scene safety threats.