________ replaced the Tang Dynasty in 960, ruled for over three centuries with a smaller region with flourishing arts, paper money, and a navy.
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Civil Service Exam
Exams based on Confucian texts, scoring well on them lead to opportunities in highly desired positions in the bureaucracy.
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Bureaucracy
A government system consisting of administrative officials (non-elected) who implement policies created by the higher branches of government.
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Meritocracy
System where officials are selected based off their ability and merit.
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Grand Canal
Internal waterway transportation, extended over 30,000 miles, allowed the Song Dynasty to become world’s most populated trading area.
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Champa Rice
A drought resistant and fast ripening rice that expanded the agriculture of China.
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Proto-Industrialization
Society’s shift away was agricultural economy, but not yet reached an industrial economy.
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Artisans
A worker in a skilled trade, such as one that involves making products by hand.
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Tributary System
Imperial China’s network of international relations focused on facilitating trade and strengthening China’s powerful position in the region.
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Foot Binding
Chinese practice where young girls had their feet tied so tightly that their bones did not grow naturally, in the hope of making them “marriageable” women.
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Buddhism
World Religion originating in 6th century India, founded by
Siddhartha Gautama, emphasizes the four noble truths.
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Theravada Buddhism
Older and conservative branch of Buddhism, centers around practices to attain nirvana (enlightenment).
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Mahayana Buddhism
One of two dominant branches of Buddhism today,
focuses on spreading happiness and compassion to everyone.
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Tibetan Buddhism
Led by the Dalai Lama, this branch of Buddhism dominant in Tibet only requires the follower to change his or her perspective on life.
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Daoism
Philosophical religion that originated in 6th Century BCE China, focused on harmonizing with the Dao (natural order of the universe).
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Four Noble Truths
Foundation of Buddhism, spread ideas of suffering in existence and how to avoid it.
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Neo-Confucianism
The abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism such as reincarnation emphasizing ethics of nature, popular in China’s neighboring countries.
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Tale of Genji
The first novel created
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Aristocracy
Government consisting of a small privileged \\ class or by a minority consisting of those assumed to be most qualified to rule.
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Tang Dynasty
Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 618 to 907, considered golden age of china’s arts and culture.