Science Form 3 Chapter 1: Human Nervous System

Vocabulary flashcards covering the structure, functions, and divisions of the human nervous system, as well as voluntary and involuntary actions.

Human nervous system

A body system made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and peripheral nerves that detects stimuli, sends information in the form of impulses, interprets impulses, and produces appropriate responses.

Central nervous system

The division of the human nervous system made up of the brain and the spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system

The division of the human nervous system made up of cranial nerves and spinal nerves.

Cranial nerves

Nerves connected to the brain that form part of the peripheral nervous system.

Spinal nerves

Nerves connected to the spinal cord that form part of the peripheral nervous system.

Voluntary actions

Conscious actions carried out voluntarily under the control of the brain, such as walking, reading, running, eating, and drinking.

Affector (receptor)

The structure in the impulse pathway that detects stimuli and passes the signal toward the brain during a voluntary action.

Effector (muscle or gland)

A muscle or gland in the impulse pathway that receives signals from the brain to produce a response during a voluntary action.

Involuntary actions

Actions that take place spontaneously and unconsciously or without prior thought.

Medulla oblongata

The brain structure that controls involuntary actions such as the heartbeat, breathing, and peristalsis.

Reflex actions

Involuntary actions involving the spinal cord, such as removing the hand when it touches a hot kettle or withdrawing the leg when stepping on a nail.