democratization theories

modernization theory

argues that economic development causes democracy. Economic growth causes social changes because societies that are not economically developed have more economic disparity with no capacity or incentive to change. The development allows the poor to have the capacity to create change. It also stabilizes democracies because wealthier democracies are more stab;e. If there are poorer societies it is more likely to have uprisings and protests.

cultural theory

claims that cultural values lead to democracy. Some cultural values favor democracy, others don't. Religious values can affect the likelihood of democratization

• Limitations are throat cultures can be defined differently, states can influence culture, difficult to ascertain empirically (measure), there is great variation in traditions

international system theory

claims that if you are a country in an international environment that favors democracy then you are more likely to become democratic. If you are in an environment that prioritizes keeping specific leaders in place then yo9u are less likely to become democratic.International politics can affect the likelihood of democratization.  Even if the people want democracy they may not be able to have it if the international system is against it.

domestic institutions theory

holds that how you design the institution affects the democratic outcome. Dysfunctional political institutions limit the likelihood of democratization. For example, separation of powers. Democracy doesn't happen if there is a party fragmentation because they cannot get someone in power as well as a weak state.

political actors theory

cares a lot about political leadership. The actions and choices of political actors can promote/hinder democracy. Interest groups facilitate democratization because they promote unions and civil rights organizations, getting people to participate such as what institutions they design, what changes they prioritize, and what values they promote.

multiple factor theorists

believe that there isn't one explanation for democratization but all cultural, economic development, and institutions explain.