Chapter 13 Juvenile Gangs Flashcards Chapter 13

Flashcards based on the Chapter 13 lecture notes on Juvenile Gangs, covering definitions, development, behaviors, types, stages, and prevention efforts as described in the text.

According to the U.S. Department of Justice, what is a gang?

An association of three or more members who identify themselves by a group identity and engage in criminal activity.

How did youth gangs evolve in the United States?

Youth gangs may have existed as early as the American Revolution. They flourished in the 19th century due to immigration and population shifts.

According to Mike Carlie, what do gangs offer to those who join them?

Gangs offer acceptance, a surrogate family, power, security, means of earning money, and an alternative to school.

What are some of the theories of gang formation?

Normal part of growing up, Strain Theory, Subcultural Affiliation, Social Disorganization, and Underclass Theory.

According to Carl S. Taylor, how can Detroit urban gangs be classified?

Scavenger, Territorial, and Corporate gangs.

According to Jankowski, what are important organizational features of urban gangs?

Leadership, recruitment, initiation rites, and migration patterns.

What are the three varieties of gang leadership that Jankowski observed?

Vertical/hierarchical, horizontal/commission, and influential.

What are the most frequent patterns of gang migration?

The relocation of gang members with their families and the expansion of drug markets.

What are two gang recruitment methods?

Friendly and Coercive recruitment.

What are some of the ways gang members can be initiated into a gang?

“Blessed in” where relatives are already in the gang; “Jumped in” where new members must fight other members; Sexual services where female members must provide sexual services for one or more gang members.

What are the seven stages of emergent gang development?

Implementation, expansion and conflict, organization and consolidation, gang intimidation and community reaction, expansion of drug markets, gang takeover, and community deterioration.

According to Spergel and colleagues, what are the five strategies of intervention for gang problems?

Community organization, social intervention, opportunity provision, suppression, and organizational development and change.

What are the main types of racial and ethnic gangs in the United States?

Hispanic/Latino gangs, African American gangs, Asian gangs, and Caucasian gangs.

According to Miller, in mixed-gender gangs, how can women survive in the gang environment?

They can choose to be “one of the guys” and expose themselves to higher risks of being arrested, injured, or even killed in conflicts with rival gangs. Or they can use gender to decrease their risk of being harmed by not participating in “masculine” activities such as fighting and committing crime.