Unit 3 and 4 ap world history study guide flashcards

Zheng He

A Muslim traveler who led expeditions to show China's wealth.

Christopher Columbus

A merchant from Venice who convinced Spain’s king and queen to fund a voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, ultimately finding the Americas instead.

Treaty of Tordesillas

A treaty that established a dividing line between Spanish and Portuguese claims in newly discovered territories.

Vasco Da Gama

A Portuguese explorer who was the first to reach India by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope.

Encomienda System

A labor system established by the Spanish in 1503 to regulate the indigenous population and clarify arrangements with colonists.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and goods between the Americas and Europe, with significant long-term effects on both continents.

Olaudah Equiano

An enslaved person who wrote about his experiences, providing perspective on the hardships of slave life.

Süleyman the Magnificent

The greatest Ottoman king known for his legal reforms and religious toleration.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement initiated by Martin Luther's critique of the Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of Protestantism.

Atlantic Slave Trade

The historical trade involving the forced transportation of 12 million African slaves to the Americas.

Humanism

An intellectual movement during the Renaissance that emphasized the study of humanities and the moral improvement of individuals.

Henry the Navigator

A Portuguese prince who promoted exploration and was motivated by religious and economic factors.

Mughal Empire

A prominent empire in India noted for its wealth and cultural achievements.

Janissaries

Elite soldiers in the Ottoman Empire, originally Christian boys taken from their homes to serve.

Smallpox

A disease introduced to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange, resulting in devastating effects on the indigenous population.

Caliph

A religious leader in Islam; the Ottomans allowed for more flexible interpretations of who could be a caliph compared to the Safavids.

Shah Abbas

The greatest Safavid king, known for borrowing outside ideas and introducing merit in government.

Movable Type

An invention by Gutenberg that revolutionized printing, making books cheaper and more accessible.

Ottoman Capital

Constantinople, which was converted to Istanbul, Turkey, in 1453.

Akbar

A Mughal emperor recognized for promoting religious tolerance and blending diverse cultural ideas.