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Coding
The format in which information is stored in a memory store.
Capacity
The amount of information that can be held in a memory store.
Duration
The amount of time information can be held in a memory store.
Baddeley's research on STM coding
- acoustically similar/dissimilar words
- semantically similar/dissimilar words
- had to recall words straight after learning
- had to recall 20 minutes later
- found ppts did worse on acoustically similar words straight after, and worse on semantically similar words after 20 mins
- STM codes acoustically, LTM semantically
Jacob's research on STM Capacity
- digit span test
- would increase amount of digits ppts had to recall based on if they correctly recalled previous
- found that ppts recalled around 9 digits, and 7 numbers
Miller STM Capacity
- 7 +/- 2 items
- chunking
Peterson & Peterson research on STM Duration
- consonant syllable/trigram
- ppts given a group of random letters to recall
- had to count backwards to avoid recall
- had to recall at different times (3s, 6s, 18s etc.)
- recall after 3s = 80%
- recall after 18s = 3%
- STM has a duration of 18 seconds
Bahrick's research onf LTM Duration
- tested ppts recall of classmates
- photo recognition and free recall of names
- ppts tested after 15 years had 90% accuracy in photo recognition, after 48 years it was 70%
- Free recall found 60% accuracy, then 30% accuracy
- LTM can last a lifetime
Evaluation Points - Baddeley
+ supports separate memory stores
- artificial stimuli
Evaluation Points - Jacobs
+ valid and reliable as it has been replicated
Evaluation Points - Miller
- Cowan found capacity to be lower at 4 +/- 1
Evaluation Points - Peterson & Peterson
- artificial stimuli
Evaluation Points - Bahrick
- high ecological validity using meaningful stimuli
