Historical Colonial Influences and Globalization Lecture Notes

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering Philippine history, globalization dimensions, economic principles, and world-system theory.

Spanish Colonization

Introduced Catholicism and Hispanic cultural elements to Philippine society, establishing the country's religious and cultural baseline.

American Colonization

Introduced Western education, democratic governance, and widespread English language adoption, modernizing the political framework.

Philippine Revolution 1896–1898

The primary historical turning point leading to independence from Spanish rule and the birth of Filipino national identity.

World War II Occupation

Characterized by the invasion of Japanese forces, atrocities like the Bataan Death March, and resilient Filipino guerrilla resistance.

Ethno-Linguistic Diversity

The presence of diverse language groups that enriches and adds complexity to the multi-layered nature of Filipino identity.

Technological Globalization

The digital erasure of physical borders through technology, allowing instant connectivity via tools like video calls.

Cultural Globalization

The blending of global traditions to create hybrid cultural expressions, such as the spread of K-pop or merging African prints with European fashion.

Environmental Globalization

Transnational issues like plastic waste and Climate Change that require global cooperation because ecological problems have no borders.

Political Globalization

Multinational governing bodies and treaties, like the United Nations (UN) and ASEAN, that extend political systems beyond national borders.

Globalization

The overall process where countries, businesses, and societies become increasingly interconnected and dependent on each other.

Neoliberalism

An economic and political ideology advocating for free markets, reduced government intervention, and individual liberty.

Determinism

The philosophy that events and outcomes are pre-determined by preexisting factors rather than individual free will.

Cultural Homogenization

The process of cultures becoming uniform, resulting in the loss of local or regional diversity as global chains replace local spots.

Role of Prices (Principle #6)

In market economies, these act as primary signals directing resource allocation by telling buyers when to buy and sellers when to produce.

Productivity

The ability of a country to produce goods efficiently with available resources, which is directly tied to its standard of living.

Inflation

Rising price levels caused by an excess supply of money in circulation, which drops the value of the currency.

Consumer

Any person or organization that purchases goods or services, acting as the end-user driving market demand.

Non-Monetary Costs (Principle #2)

Trade-offs calculated beyond financial costs, such as time, effort, and missed opportunities.

Trade-offs (Principle #1)

The actual choices or actions individuals take when faced with limited resources.

Opportunity Cost (Principle #2)

The specific value of the next best alternative that is given up when a choice is made.

Marginal Decision-Making (Principle #3)

The process where rational individuals weigh additional or marginal benefits against additional or marginal costs.

Incentives (Principle #4)

External rewards and punishments used to change economic behavior or individual day-to-day choices.

Transnational Corporations (TNCs)

Companies that extend their footprint beyond home countries through foreign direct investment, global supply chains, and localized infrastructure.

International Financial Institutions (IFIs)

Global bodies like the World Bank that support national infrastructure and growth via development loans and policy advice.

Global Civil Society

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and networks that operate independently of state governments to deliver impartial humanitarian aid.

Wallerstein's World-System Theory

A structural framework defining the global system through boundaries, internal dynamics, and the categories of Core, Semi-Periphery, and Periphery.

Core States

Wealthy nations that hold structural economic advantages, produce finished goods, and extract the highest profits.

Semi-Periphery Regions

Nations like China that act as industrial factories, processing and manufacturing goods between core and periphery regions.

Periphery Economies

Non-core states defined by resource extraction, cheap labor, and participation in the global market as providers of raw materials.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

An institution focused on regulating international monetary stability and providing crisis management loans to struggling nations.

World Bank

An institution focused on long-term infrastructure funding and overarching economic development, such as building roads and bridges.

Modern Filipino Identity

A dynamic, living blend actively shaped by the interaction between historical/indigenous traditions and global foreign influences.