microbiology

Microbiology

Derived from the greek words MIKROS( small) BIOS(life) LOGIA or Logos study of

STUDY of all living organisms that are too small to be visible with the naked eye called microorganism or germs

2 categories of microorganisms

Cellular

Prokaryotes (bacterial cyanobacteria and archaeans) eukaryotes fungi protozoa and algae

2 categories of microorganisms

Acellular

Viruses

Prions

Pathogens

Disease causing microorganisms

bacteria

Are small single celled organisms

promaryotic, unicellular reproduce by binary fission, some are photosynthetic.

Staphylococcus aureus

Gram positive sphere lives on skin, can cause strap infection

Pseudomknas aeruginosa

Gram negative rod lives in soil and water, can cause antibiotics - resistant infections

Escherichia coli

Gram negative rod lives in large intestine can cause food poisoning

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Gram positive rod lives in GI tract, found in fermented foods

Streptococcus mutans

Gram positive sphere lives in mouth and can contribute to tooth decay

Aerobic of bacteria

Require oxygen for growth

types of aerobic bacteria

1. Microaerophiles(helicobacteria pylori)

Requires lower concentration of oxygen

Types of aerobic bacteria

2. Obligate anaerobes (mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Cannot survive without oxygen

Anaerobic bacteria

Can grow in the absence of oxygen

Types of anaerobic bacteria

Obligate anaerobes (clostridium tetani)

Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

Types of anaerobic bacteria

Aerotolerant anaerobes (lactobacillus rhamnous)

Does not need oxygen but can survive in the presence of oxygen

Faculative anaerobes (psudomonas aeruginosa)

Can grow with or without oxygen

Archea

Constitute a domain of single cell organism

Lack of cell nuclei & are therefore Prokaryotes, produce by binary fission

Example thermophiles, halophiles, mathanogen

Virus

Smallest of all pathogens, replication within the host.

Ex. Hiv, varicella, rubella/lo

Fungi

Can be single celled or very complex multicellular organisms, non green, planlike organisms (yeast, molds, mushrooms)

Tinea corporis(ringworm)

Circular patches with advancing red, vesiculated, border, central scaling pruitic

Tinea pedis(athlete foots)

Acute itching, red vesicylar chronic, itching, scaling fissure

Tinea cruris(jock itch)

Erythematous scaling lesion

Protozoa

Singe celled organisms, eukaryotic, usually lack cell walls, unicellular, can produce sexuallykr asexually

Some move by using locomotory organelles

Algae

A group of oxygen, phototrophic microbes which has a nucleus, can generate oxygen through photosynthesis

Bacteriophages

Also known as phages are viruses that infect and replicate only in bacterial cells.

Can be used therapy for bacterial infectious that are resistant to antibiotics

Helminths

Large multicellular organisms, flatworms, round worms

Round worm

Can cause infections in the intestine or the body

Flukes

Generally infect the bile duct, liver, or blood

Tapeworm

Infect the intestine

Thorny headed worm

Mainly infect animals rarely infect humans

Jainism(6th century bce)

Ancient Indian religion emphasizing non violence truth and spiritual discipline

Divide categories strict vegetarianism

Believe in nigodas

Describe microorganisms such as water, air, soil, plants

Mark tetentius varro(116bce-27 bce)

A Roman scholar and writer, work on agriculture, history, and language that could cause disease

Robert hooke(1635-1703)

English scientist, inventor and microscopist. Publish MICROGRAPHIA tge first details book. First use microscope

Anton van leeuwenhoek(1632-1723)

Dutch tradesman and self taught scientist known as the father of microbiology

First observed and described living microorganisms called animalcules (protozoa, sperms, red blood cell

Edward jenner

Father of known immunology, introduce the concept of vaccination. Develop the first vaccine for small pox

Louis pasteur

French chemist and microbiologist one of the founders of modern microbiology.

Theory of dse. That microorganism cause illness

Joseph lister

Father of antiseptic surgery, theory medical start of aseptic surgery., antiseptic medicine, including sterilized instrument dressing carbolic acid

Robert koch

Isolated specific bacteria that cause diseases like mycobacterium tuberculosis, vibrio cholorae.

Perfect the technique of isolating

Alexander Fleming

1929 discovered the first antibiotic penicillin form a mold called penicillium nonatum

Theodore escherich

Discovered the bacterium which called bacteriun coli commune which was later on called escherichia coli

Albert Ludwig sigesmund neisser

Discovered the causative agent of gonorrhea a strain of bacteria that was named in his honor

Selman Abraham waksman

Research into decomposition of organism that live in soil, enable discovery of streptomycin antibiotics

John snow

Father of epidemiology, conducted studies of cholera outbreak both to discover the cause of disease and prevent recurrence

Develop geographic distribution of cases called SPOT MAP

Luck Antoine montagnier

Discovered the human immonudeficiency virus (hiv)

Bacteriology

Bacteria

Virology

Viruses

Mycology

Fungi

Parasitology

Protozoa, and parasitic worm

Phycology

Algae

Immunology

The immune system and the immune response

Industrial microbiology

Study and application of microbes in industries

Medical microbiology

Pathogens