Navigating HIV Care: Prevention, Treatment, and Management - NRTIs and NNRTIs (Vocabulary Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, drugs, and pharmacology concepts related to NRTIs and NNRTIs from the lecture notes.

NRTIs (nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors)

A class of antiretrovirals that inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase by mimicking nucleosides/nucleotides, blocking viral DNA synthesis.

NNRTIs (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)

A class of antiretrovirals that inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase at a site distinct from NRTIs, preventing viral replication.

Abacavir (ABC)

NRTI with a boxed warning for potentially fatal hypersensitivity; requires HLA-B*57:01 testing before use.

HLA-B*57:01

Genetic marker used to predict abacavir hypersensitivity; positive status suggests avoiding abacavir.

Epivir HBV

Lamivudine formulated for hepatitis B (lower HIV dose); not used for HIV treatment.

Lamivudine (3TC)

NRTI used in HIV therapy; keep in mind Epivir HBV is a different product with a different dose.

Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)

Prodrug of tenofovir with lower risk of renal and bone toxicity; may raise triglycerides and weight; requires kidney monitoring.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)

Prodrug of tenofovir with higher potential for renal/bone toxicity than TAF; monitor kidney function.

Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV)

NRTI; also known as Retrovir; one of the earliest antiretrovirals.

Doravirine (DOR)

NNRTI; not a CYP450 inducer or inhibitor; is a CYP450 substrate with potential drug interactions.

Efavirenz (EFV)

NNRTI that acts as a CYP3A4 inducer (more inducing than inhibiting) and is a metabolic substrate.

Etravirine (ETR)

NNRTI; can act as both an inhibitor and inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes, leading to complex interactions.

Nevirapine (NVP)

NNRTI; potent CYP3A4 inducer and substrate; notable drug interaction potential.

Rilpivirine (RPV)

NNRTI; neither a CYP450 inducer nor inhibitor; is a CYP450 substrate with interactions to consider.

Fanconi syndrome

Rare kidney disorder associated with tenofovir exposure; increased urinary loss of minerals and nutrients; requires monitoring.

Lactic acidosis

Potentially fatal buildup of lactic acid in the blood reported with nucleoside analogues.

Hepatomegaly with steatosis

Enlarged liver with fat buildup; a serious potential adverse effect of some NRTIs.

Boxed warning

FDA's strongest safety warning for a drug’s serious or life-threatening risks (applies to abacavir hypersensitivity, among others).

CYP3A4

Major liver enzyme that metabolizes many drugs; subject to induction or inhibition, leading to drug interactions.

Enzyme inducer

Drug that increases metabolism of other drugs via enzyme induction, reducing their levels.

Enzyme inhibitor

Drug that decreases metabolism of other drugs, increasing their levels and potential toxicity.

P450 substrate

A drug that is metabolized by a CYP450 enzyme (e.g., CYP3A4) and can be affected by inducers or inhibitors.

Combination products

Fixed-dose combinations that include NRTIs and/or NNRTIs with other antiretrovirals.