Chapter 1-9 Overview: Tobacco, Textiles, Coal, and Jim Crow in the New South

A set of QA flashcards covering tobacco, textiles, coal, and Jim Crow in the New South based on the provided notes.

What role did tobacco play in the survival of early Virginia colonies?

Tobacco production was crucial; it helped Virginia survive as a colony.

When was the cigarette rolling machine invented?

1818

Who were the North Carolina tobacco businessmen who capitalized on the cigarette rolling machine?

Washington Duke and his son.

What promotional method did tobacco companies use to advertise cigarettes in the early days?

National advertising campaigns and cigarette cards, including early baseball cards.

Which tobacco company grew to monopoly status?

American Tobacco Company

Which university was funded by the Duke family?

Duke University

Why did the textile industry open up in the South?

Because cotton fields made textiles a logical industry, plus cheaper wages, lower taxes, and fewer regulations.

What advantages attracted textile factories to the South?

Lower wages, lower taxes, and fewer regulations.

Where were textile mills typically located, and how did this change after World War II?

Near mills with company housing; post-WWII cars and highways allowed workers to live farther away.

What happened to the Southern textile industry by the 1980s-1990s?

It collapsed as production moved to Mexico, Vietnam, and China.

Where is coal mining concentrated in the Southern region?

In the Appalachian Mountains region, especially the Cumberland Ridge and Valley region.

What are coal 'seams'?

Strips or layers of coal within rock.

What disease affected coal miners?

Black lung disease.

How did the overall industrial output of Georgia compare to the nation in the New South era?

Georgia produced less than 1% of the nation’s manufactured goods.

What laws began to formalize racial segregation in the South?

Jim Crow segregation laws.

What was the impact of the 1883 Civil Rights Cases on the Fourteenth Amendment?

It weakened the Equal Protection Clause by ruling private businesses were not public institutions.

What doctrine did Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) establish?

Separate but equal doctrine.

What does 'separate but equal' imply in practice?

Facilities for different races were rarely truly equal.

When did Jim Crow become fully established in many parts of the South?

By the end of Reconstruction, with full establishment by the 1880s–1890s.

Which political group dominated Southern states after Reconstruction?

White Democrats, known as the Redeemers.

What was the significance of lynching in this era?

It represented the era’s violence and racial oppression during Jim Crow.