Panitikang Panlipunan, Propaganda, Human Rights, and Social Issues Review

Comprehensive review flashcards based on lecture modules covering social literature, nationalism, the Propaganda Movement, poverty concepts, human rights, labor issues, and the Spanish colonial period.

What is Panitikang Panlipunan?

It consists of literary works, essays, and writings that discuss the true conditions of society, exposing hardships, oppression, and rights.

How is Nasyonalismo defined in the context of Philippine history?

It is a deep love and loyalty to one's native land, inspiring racial unity, personal identity, freedom, and equality under the law.

What was the Kilusang Propaganda?

A peaceful movement established by educated Filipinos in Spain from 1872 to 1892 to seek reforms and equal rights.

What were the five main objectives of the Kilusang Propaganda?

Equal treatment under the law, making the Philippines a province of Spain, Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes, Filipino parish priests, and freedom of speech, expression, and assembly.

What was La Solidaridad and when was it first published?

It was the official newspaper of the Kilusang Propaganda, first published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889.

Who were GOMBURZA, and what was the impact of their execution in 1872?

Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were three martyr priests executed via garrote, whose deaths awakened Filipino nationalism and sparked the Kilusang Propaganda.

What were the primary reasons for the failure of the Kilusang Propaganda?

Lack of funds and extreme hardship, refusal of the Spanish government and friars to listen, internal disagreements among members, and Spain prioritizing its own domestic issues.

How did Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio differ in their approaches to achieving freedom?

Jose Rizal believed in peaceful reform using intellect and the pen, whereas Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan believed in using armed force and immediate separation from Spain.

How does social literature define poverty beyond the lack of money?

As a complex condition that impacts livelihood, rights, hope, and the future of millions of people.

What is Kahirapang Materyal?

Tangible and visible poverty, such as lack of food, decent shelter, clothing, medicine, education, and livelihood.

What is Kahirapang Di-Materyal?

Intangible poverty characterized by a lack of rights, dignity, voice, opportunity, justice, hope, and personal empowerment.

What are Karapatang Pantao (Human Rights)?

Inherent rights and freedoms possessed by every person from birth, including the right to life, dignity, and equal treatment, which cannot be revoked.

What is the Right to Education (Karapatan sa Edukasyon)?

The right to study, learn, and acquire knowledge and skills to develop oneself and build a better future.

What is the Right to Livelihood (Karapatang Makapaghanapbuhay)?

The right to have a decent job, income, and adequate livelihood to meet personal and family needs.

What does Equality Before the Law (Karapatang Pagkakapantay-pantay sa Harap ng Batas) ensure?

It ensures that the law is applied equally to all people without bias, favor, or social distinction.

What does Freedom of Speech (Kalayaan sa Pagsasalita) grant?

The right to freely express thoughts, opinions, and feelings without fear of punishment, provided it does not harm others.

How is a worker (Manggagawa) defined in Philippine social literature?

A person who performs labor using strength, intellect, and skill to produce goods or services and help society develop.

What is the role of a farmer (Magsasaka) in society?

To till the land, plant, and tend crops to produce food for the country, serving as a primary pillar of the economy.

What does the employment term ENDO stand for, and how does it affect workers?

It stands for 'End of Contract,' a practice where workers are hired for short periods (usually 5 months) and terminated before reaching 6 months to avoid providing regular status and benefits.

What period marks the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines, and how long did it last?

The period from 1565 to 1898, lasting for over 333 years.

What were the three main goals of Spanish colonization in the Philippines?

To spread Christianity (Ipalaganap ang Kristiyanismo), to strengthen national power (Pagpapalakas ng Kapangyarihan), and to acquire wealth (Kayamanan).

How did Philippine literature change during the Spanish colonial period?

Topics shifted from nature, indigenous heroes, and deities to religious faith, one God, and obedience to rulers, using the Roman alphabet and genres such as Pasyon, Senakulo, Awit, and Korido.