APUSH Unit 2: Colonial Foundations and Early American History
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52 Terms
What time period does APUSH Unit 2 cover?
1607-1754
What was the first permanent English settlement?
Jamestown, founded in 1607.
Why was Jamestown founded?
For economic profit by the Virginia Company.
What problems did early Jamestown face?
Starvation, disease, and conflict with Native Americans.
What was the 'Starving Time'?
A period of extreme famine in Jamestown during 1609-1610.
Who helped save Jamestown through leadership and discipline?
John Smith.
What crop made Jamestown profitable?
Tobacco, introduced by John Rolfe.
What was the headright system?
A system granting land to settlers who paid for passage to America.
What was the House of Burgesses?
The first representative government in the English colonies.
What was indentured servitude?
A labor system where workers exchanged years of service for passage to America.
Why did indentured servitude decline?
Improved conditions in England and the rise of slavery.
What was Bacon's Rebellion?
A 1676 uprising by settlers against colonial government in Virginia.
What did Bacon's Rebellion reveal?
Tensions between frontier settlers and colonial elites.
What region were the New England colonies?
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire.
Why were New England colonies founded?
For religious freedom, especially by Puritans.
Who were the Pilgrims?
Separatists who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620.
What document did the Pilgrims create?
The Mayflower Compact.
What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact?
To establish self-government.
Who were the Puritans?
A religious group seeking to reform the Church of England.
Who founded Massachusetts Bay Colony?
John Winthrop.
What was John Winthrop's idea of a 'city upon a hill'?
A model religious community for others to follow.
What was the Great Migration?
Movement of thousands of Puritans to New England in the 1630s.
Who founded Rhode Island?
Roger Williams.
Why was Roger Williams banished?
For advocating separation of church and state.
Who founded Connecticut?
Thomas Hooker.
What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
An early form of written constitution.
What caused King Philip's War?
Conflict between Native Americans and New England settlers.
What was the result of King Philip's War?
Native American power in New England was greatly reduced.
What were the Middle Colonies?
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware.
What made the Middle Colonies unique?
Cultural and religious diversity.
Who founded Pennsylvania?
William Penn.
Why was Pennsylvania founded?
As a haven for Quakers.
What did Quakers believe?
Equality, peace, and religious tolerance.
What were the Southern Colonies?
Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.
What was the main economy of the Southern Colonies?
Agriculture, especially cash crops.
What were cash crops?
Crops grown for sale, like tobacco and rice.
What was slavery?
Forced labor system based on race.
When did slavery become widespread?
Late 1600s into the 1700s.
What was the Middle Passage?
The transatlantic journey of enslaved Africans.
What was the Triangular Trade?
Trade between Africa, the Americas, and Europe.
What was mercantilism?
An economic system where colonies existed to benefit the mother country.
What were Navigation Acts?
Laws restricting colonial trade to benefit England.
What was salutary neglect?
British policy of loosely enforcing laws in the colonies.
What was the Enlightenment?
A movement emphasizing reason and individual rights.
Who influenced colonial political thought?
John Locke.
What did John Locke believe?
Natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
What was the Great Awakening?
A religious revival in the 1730s-1740s.
Who was a key figure in the Great Awakening?
Jonathan Edwards.
What impact did the Great Awakening have?
It encouraged religious diversity and individualism.
What was colonial society like?
Diverse, growing, and increasingly self-governing.
What was the role of women in colonial society?
Limited rights, focused on home and family.
What was the significance of 1754?
Beginning of tensions leading to the French and Indian War.