Developmental Trajectories- fine motor manipulation/ perceptual and object manipulation skills

What are the fine motor behaviors of birth - 6 months?

Follows moving person with eyes

develops accurate reach to object

uses variety of palmar grasping patterns

secures object with hand and brings to mouth

transfers objects hand-to-hand

examines objects carefully with eyes

plays with hands at midline

What are the fine motor behaviors of 6-12 months?

mouths toys

uses accurate and direct reach for toys

plays with toys at midline; transfers hand to hand

bangs objects together to make sounds

waves toys in air

releases toys into container

rolls ball to adult

grasps small objects in fingertips

points to toys with index finger, uses index finger to explore toys

What are the fine motor behaviors of 12-18 months?

holds crayon and makes marks; scribbles

holds two toys in hand and toys in both hands

releases toys inside containers, even small containers

stacks blocks and fits toys into form space

attempts puzzles

opens and shuts toy boxes or containers

points to pictures with index finger

uses two hands in play, one to hold or stabilize and one to manipulate

What are the fine motor behaviors of 18-24 months?

completes four-to-five-piece puzzle

builds towers

hold crayons in fingertips and draws simple figures

strings beads

begins to use simple tools (play hammer)

participates in multipart tasks

turns pages of book

What are the fine motor behaviors of 24-36 months?

snips with scissors

traces form, such as a cross

colors in large forms

draws circles accurately

builds towers and lines up objects

hold crayon with dexterity

completes puzzles of four to five pieces

plays with toys with moving parts

What are the fine motor behaviors of 3-4 years?

uses precision tripod grasp on pencil or crayon

colors within lines

copies simple shapes; beings to copy letters

uses scissors to cut’ cuts simple shapes

constructs three-dimensional design

manipulates objects within the hand

What are the fine motor behaviors of age 4-5 years?

draws using a dynamic tripod grasp

copies simple shapes

completes puzzles of up to 10 pieces

uses scissors to cut out squares and other simple shapes

colors within the lines

uses two hands together well

draws stick figures or trunk and arms

copies own name

strings small beads

What are the fine motor behaviors of 5-6 years?

cuts with scissors

prints name from copy

copies triangle; traces diamond

completes puzzles of up to 20 pieces

traces letters, begins to copy letters

manipulates tiny objects in fingertips without dropping

uses two hands together in complementary movements

What are the fine motor behaviors of 6-10 years?

good dexterity for crafts and construction with small objects

bilateral coordination for building complex structures

precision and motor planning evident in drawing

motor planning evident in completion of complex puzzles

Around what age does a child visually explore and mouths objects> brings objects to mouth?

< 6 months

Around what age does a child explores object textured by moving fingers back and forth? > begins to extend and move fingers together?

< 6 months

What age does a child explore objects with eyes and hands? > fingers and manipulates objects?

6-12 months

What age does a child discriminate hardness of object? > can tighten and loosen grip while holding an object

6 - 12 months

What age can a child adjust manipulation according to the object property?> using two hands to manipulate an object

12 months - 3 years

What age does a child perceive objects shape by moving between hands? > uses two hands to manipulate an object

12 months - 3 years

What age does a child identify common objects using haptic perception (active touch)? begins to demonstrate in-hand manipulation skills and uses dynamic grasping patterns

> 3 years