Biomolecules and Enzymes Practice Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering enzymes, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids based on lecture notes.

Enzyme

Molecules that speed up chemical reactions, are affected by temperature, $pH$, and inhibitors, and typically have names ending in "-ase".

Deratization

The process where an enzyme loses its shape and no longer works.

Carbohydrates

Macromolecules made of $CHO$ used for quick energy and structure; examples include glucose, sucrose, and cellulose.

mono/BB (Carbohydrates)

The monomer or building block of carbohydrates, known as a monosaccharid.

glucose

A monosaccharide macromolecule referred to as blood sugar.

sucrose

A disaccharide known as table suger.

cellulose

An example of a polysaccharide carbohydrate found in foods like pasta, bread, candy, and fruits.

Protein

Macromolecules made of $CHON$ elements used for muscle contraction, cell transport, and immunity.

mono/BB (Protein)

The monomer or building block of proteins, known as the amino acid.

Pricetin

A protein found in hair and nails.

melanin

A protein associated with the skin.

Primary Structure

The linear structure of a protein.

Secondary Structure

Protein structure consisting of alpha helix and beta sheets.

Tertiary Structure

The $3D$ structure of a protein.

quaternary structure

A complex protein structure.

Fats (Lipids)

Hydrophobic, non-polar molecules made of $CHO$ used for long term energy; examples include butter, oils, and avocado.

mono/BB (Lipids)

The building blocks of lipids, consisting of glycerol and a fatty acid tail.

Triglysonde

A type of lipid consisting of glycerol and three fatty acid tails.

Saturated

Fats that are solid at room temperature, such as butter.

Unsaturated

Fats that are liquid at room temperature, such as olive oil.

Fosfolipid

A lipid found in the cell membrane consisting of a hydrophilic glycerol/phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

nucleic acid

Macromolecules made of $CHONP$ used for storing and transmitting instructions to make proteins; examples include DNA and RNA.

mono/BB (Nucleic Acid)

The nucleotide building block, which consists of a suger, phosphate, and nitrogenous base ($A$, $T$, $G$, $C$, $U$).