Grumble 10 Dominant Themes

FW 104 CSU 2025

Hierarchical Context

When working on a problem at one level, managers must seek the connection between all levels, not just one. “Systems Perspective”

Ecological Boundaries

Management requires working across administrative/political boundaries and define ecological boundaries to scale.

Ecological Integrity

Protecting total native diversity and ecological patterns and processes that maintain diversity. 

Data Collection

EM requires more research and data collection, as well as better management and use of existing data.

Monitoring 

Managers must track the results of their actions so that success or failure may be evaluated quantitatively.

Adaptive management

Scientific knowledge is provisional and focuses on management as a learning process or continuous experiment where incorporating the results of previous actions allows managers to remain flexible. 

Interagency Cooperation

Using ecological boundaries requires cooperation between federal, state, and local management agencies as well as private parties. Managers must learn to work together and integrate conflicting legal mandates and management goals

Organizational Change

Implementing ecosystem management requires changes in the structure of land management agencies and the way they operate. This may range from simple to complex.

Humans embedded in nature

People cannot be separated from nature. Humans are fundamental influencers on ecological patterns and processes and are in turn affected because of them.

Values

Regardless of the role of scientific knowledge, human values play a dominant role in ecosystem management goals.