AP Euro Period 3 Part 1 Vocab

"cult of domesticity"

social customs that restricted women to caring for the house: the ideal woman was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband

chartists

Reformers who wanted changes like universal male suffrage; the secret ballot; and payment for members of Parliament, so that even workingmen could afford to enter politics. This group supported a document called the People's Charter.

Concert of Europe

an agreement by various Great Powers (Austria, Britain, Russia, and Prussia) to put down any future revolutions through military force (to preserve the balance of power)

corn laws

These laws forbade the importation of foreign grain without the prices in England rising substantially

corporate banks

banks of continental europe; with limited liability where one would lose only what he invested; supported industrialization by being able to take risks, allowed continent to catch up to great britain

decembrist revolt

abortive attempt by army officers to take control of the Russian government upon the death of Tsar Alexander I in 1825

demographic transition

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.

Edmund Burke

human society needed the structure of a strong, responsible government or else people would become selfish and violent, and lead to civil strife

gothic literature

a literary genre popular during the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th; this genre usually portrayed fantastic tales dealing with horror, despair, the grotesque, and other "dark" subjects

Ivanhoe

a novel written in 1819 by Sir Walter Scott set in the Middle ages during the time of the Crusades

Johann Goethe

one of the greatest figures of Western literature, wrote "The Sorrows of the Young Werther" , focused on the heroic genius that succeeds in spite of society, wrote "Faust" which was the first work to portray the Devil as the gentleman Mephistopheles

Louis XVIII

French monarch who was restored to the throne by the allies after Napoleon was defeated.

luddites

a group of handcraft workers that attacked whole factories in Northern England by smashing machines, which they believed were putting them out of work

Peterloo Massacre

1819, cavalry attacked a crowd of protesters (working-class men protesting about the rising prices of bread) at St. Peter's Fields in Manchester. This led Parliament to become more repressive and begin to restrict such meetings.

Prince Klemens von Metternich

Austrian statesman and diplomat; was the Austrian representative at the congress of Vienna; wanted to restore the balance of power, make Europe peaceful, restore the old monarchs, and compensate the allies for their lost

proletariat

the industrial working class who, according to Marx, were unfairly exploited by the profit-seeking bourgoisie

Quadruple Alliance

Alliance between Prussia, Austria, Russia, and Great Britain. Pledged to act together to maintain balance of power and suppress revolutionary uprisings following the French Revolution.

reform bill of 1832

act of Parliament that transferred voting priviledges from small rotten boroughs controlled by nobility and gentry to large industrial towns controlled by middle class

socialism

taught that society could work better if organized by the government to help the poor

the Communist Manifesto

the book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that outlined how every society in the world would eventually reach communism

The Sorrows of the Young Werther

novel by Goethe about a sensitive young man whose hopeless love for a virtuous married woman drives him to suicide; showed them of individualism and developed the idea of a romantic hero, who defies the world and sacrifices himself for some great cause

Thomas Malthus

claimed that population grows at an exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically, and thereby that, eventually, population growth would outpace food production

trans-siberian railroad

Constructed in 1870s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; completed by the end of the 1880s; brought Russia into a more active Asian role.

ultraroyalists

in nineteenth-century France, a group of aristocrats who sought to return to a monarchical system dominated by a landed aristocracy and the Catholic Church.

zollverein

a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories