CSP 02 Lesson 8: Kinship and Marriage

Kinship System

it is a system of meaning and power relations to determine relationships

It defines rights, responsibilities and expectations

Social scientist explore ___ relations that can be through consanguineal or affinal.

______ is one of the most complex systems of culture. All human groups have a ______ terminology to refer to

Consanguineal

measures biological or blood ties

Affinal

relation is forged through rituals (e.g. Marriage)

Functions of Kinship

This inheritance perspective of kinship is the vertical function. Another function is horizontal, which refers to the ties of people across a single generation through marriage.

Descent

are permanent social unit whose members claim common ancestry. Membership is lifelong and determined at birth. It also refers to the rules of culture uses to establish affiliations with one's parents. There are

Unilineal

Non unilineal

There are two types of rules of descent:

Unilineal descent

The tracing of descent through only one parent

Non-unilineal

Both maternal and paternal lines may be used to reckon descent

Matrilineal Descent

An ego that belongs to the matrilineal descent refers to his or her ancestry through the female line. (Refer to the image), Ego's female ancestors are related to him or her.

Patrilineal descent

refers to tracing descent through the male line. In societies that use patrilineal descent, children - both males and females, belong to their father's kin.

Only males can pass on their family identity to their children.

1. double descent or bilineal

2. ambilineal

3. parallel

4. bilateral descent.

Four variations of patrilineal

Double Descent or Bilineal

In this rare cognatic descent, males and females are traced both matrilineally and patrilineally. However, inheritance and obligations descend only to one side

Ambilineal Descent

allow parents to choose which side of the kin to affiliate their children. Membership decisions are normally decided upon marriage.

Bilateral Descent

In bilateral descent, an ego is equally related to both mother's and father's side of the kin. In this system, an ego creates links to everyone part of the kin, even those that are not part of the blood line.

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Marriage

is a characteristics of human relations and social groupings that exist in all cultures. It is socially recognized relation that involves emotional and physical intimacy, sexual reproduction, companionship, legal rights, and inheritance.

_______ is a culturally defined and institutionalized form of relationship, and a social practice designed to address the needs of human beings.

Monogamy

Polygyny

Polyandry

Endogamy

Exogamy

Forms of Marriage

Monogamy

is a marriage between a man and a woman that is a widely accepted norm worldwide.

Polygyny

is a type of marriage that permits a man to marry more than one woman.. Ex: Muslim Countries

Polyandry

Tibet cultures practice this system. It is an uncommon practice of marriage, which is opposite of polygyny.

Endogamy

is marriage within a group. It is a practice where an individual chooses who to marry within a specific social group, ethnic group, or in a caste system.

Exogamy

is a social norm of marrying outside of social group. The two are culturally bounded. That means details of marriage depend on how culture develops its processes.

Recidence Rules

After marriage, a newlywed couple establishes their own family. Since the family is the basic unit of economic cooperation and stability, parents provide the necessary support for its members.

Matrilocal

Patrilocal

Bilocal (Ambilocal)

Neolocal

Avunculocal

Type of Residence

Patrilocal

pattern of living with or near the husband's family

Matrilocal

pattern of living with or near the bride's house.

Bilocal (Ambilocal)

pattern where the groom and bride pick which family to live near or with.

Neolocal

pattern where couples establish independent residences neither from the side of the bride or groom

Avunculocal

pattern supports living in or near the house of the groom's mother's brother.

Biology and Marriage

Cultures establish their marriage systems according to the accepted ideas that are relative across the globe. Some produce rules that forbid sexual relations with certain blood relatives.

Fictive Kinship

is a term to describe a form of kinship neither on consanguineal nor affinal ties.it recognizes kinship obligations beyond biological