equine mites, bots and integrated control

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9 Terms

1
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gasterophilus spp - equine bot fly

myiasis = invasion of living tissue by larvae of dipterous fly

larvae feed on tissue exudates

order = Diptera

Family = Oestridae

obligate myiasis

3 species = G.intestinalis, G.nasalis, G.haemorrhoidalis

<p>myiasis = invasion of living tissue by larvae of dipterous fly</p><p>larvae feed on tissue exudates</p><p>order = Diptera</p><p>Family = Oestridae</p><p>obligate myiasis</p><p>3 species = G.intestinalis, G.nasalis, G.haemorrhoidalis</p>
2
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gasterophilus intestinalis - life cycle

higher temp = shorter pupae period

<p>higher temp = shorter pupae period </p>
3
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G. nasalis and G.haemorrhoidalis life cycle

gasterophilus nasalis - eggs laid under jaw, burrow in spaces around teeth. moult then L2 moves to stomach

gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis - eggs laid on lips, migrate into mouth, moult then to stomach and duodenum, moult, attach to rectum

4
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gasterophilus spp - pathology, diagnosis and control

crater-like lesions and inflammation at attachment site but suprisingly of no clinical significance in most cases

large red maggot in faeces cause alarm to horse owners

diagnosis = larvae in faeces in spring, eggs on coat in summer(tips)

incidental finding during dental work and gastroscopy

5
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equine bot control

ivermectin/moxidectin - winter treatment 

other = remove eggs from coat, fly repellent

6
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chorioptes bovis - non-burrowing mite

chorioptes bovis is thought to be the only species of chorioptes 

these are host adapted strains 

  • chorioptic mange results from chewing activity 

  • mouthparts are round and not designed to actually pierce skin

  • feeds on scales and debris 

  • winter disease, affects lower limbs 

<p>chorioptes bovis is thought to be the only species of chorioptes&nbsp;</p><p>these are host adapted strains&nbsp;</p><ul><li><p>chorioptic mange results from chewing activity&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>mouthparts are round and not designed to actually pierce skin</p></li><li><p>feeds on scales and debris&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>winter disease, affects lower limbs&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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chorioptes bovis - identification

rounded head

thumb print on dorsal surface

very short pedicels at end of front legs and ending in cup-shaped sucker

<p>rounded head </p><p>thumb print on dorsal surface</p><p>very short pedicels at end of front legs and ending in cup-shaped sucker</p>
8
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chorioptes bovis - life cycle and diagnosis

obligate parasite

simple life cycle ~3weeks

can survive 3 weeks off host and still remain infective

diagnosis - skin scraping(superficial as non-burrowing mite) or comb debris out of hair and view in a petri dish against a dark background 

mites often seen mating in samples 

<p>obligate parasite</p><p>simple life cycle ~3weeks</p><p>can survive 3 weeks off host and still remain infective</p><p>diagnosis - skin scraping(superficial as non-burrowing mite) or comb debris out of hair and view in a petri dish against a dark background&nbsp;</p><p>mites often seen mating in samples&nbsp;</p>
9
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equine mite control

no licensed treatments

injectable endectocides (ivermectin, doramectin) prescribed under cascade

fipronil prescribed under cascade

other = clip feathers, antiseptic creams, hibbiscrup etc to soften scabs

long off-host survival = clean rungs, clippers and other equipement or keep separate for at least 3 weeks to allow mites to die