Articulations

Flashcards covering the key vocabulary and definitions related to articulations (joints) from Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 9.

Articulation (Joint)

Area where bones meet (bone-bone, bone-cartilage, or bone-teeth)

Structural Classification of Joints

Classification based on anatomical features (synovial cavity, connective tissue type)

Fibrous Joints

Held by dense connective tissue; no synovial cavity

Cartilaginous Joints

Held by cartilage; no synovial cavity

Synovial Joints

Held by articular capsule; has a synovial cavity

Functional Classification of Joints

Classification based on movement degree

Synarthrosis

Immovable joint

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly movable joint

Diarthrosis

Freely movable joint

Suture

Fibrous joint; synarthroses (adults), amphiarthroses (infants/children)

Syndesmosis

Fibrous joint; amphiarthroses (except teeth gomphoses - synarthroses)

Interosseous Membrane

Fibrous joint; amphiarthroses

Synchondrosis

Cartilaginous joint; synarthroses

Symphysis

Cartilaginous joint; amphiarthroses

Synovial Cavity

Allows joint to function as a diarthrosis

Articular Hyaline Cartilage

Reduces friction and absorbs shock in synovial joints

Articular Capsule

Encloses the synovial cavity and unites bones

Synovial Fluid

Reduces friction, absorbs shock, supplies nutrients, removes wastes

Ligaments

Resist strain and hold bones together

Articular Menisci

Stabilizes joints and directs synovial fluid

Bursae

Cushions adjacent parts and reduces friction

Tendon Sheaths

Tubelike bursae around tendons; prevents friction

Gliding Movements

Flat surfaces move back/forth or side/side

Angular Movements

Angle between bones increases/decreases

Flexion

Decreases angle between bones

Extension

Increases angle between bones

Lateral Flexion

Flexion along the frontal plane

Hyperextension

Extension beyond anatomical position

Abduction

Movement away from midline

Adduction

Movement toward midline

Circumduction

Circular movement of distal end

Medial Rotation

Anterior bone surface turns toward midline

Lateral Rotation

Anterior bone surface turns away from midline

Elevation

Upward movement

Depression

Downward movement

Protraction

Anterior movement

Retraction

Posterior movement

Inversion

Moving soles medially

Eversion

Moving soles laterally

Dorsiflexion

Bending foot superiorly

Plantar Flexion

Bending foot inferiorly

Supination

Palm faces anteriorly

Pronation

Palm faces posteriorly

Opposition

Thumb touches fingertips

Plane Joint

Flat surfaces allow gliding

Hinge Joint

Convex/concave surfaces; angular movement around one axis

Pivot Joint

Round surface in a ring; rotational movement

Condyloid Joint

Oval projection in cavity; angular movement around two axes

Saddle Joint

Saddle-shaped surfaces; movement around three axes

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Ball in cup; movement around three axes