Government

Government

 Maintain Social Order, Provide Public Services, and Enforce Binding Laws

Laws

are official rules made by a governing authority to control human behavior, keep the peace, and maintain order in society.

Autocracy

The power and authority to rule are in the hands of one single individual.

oligarchy

a small group holds the power, which is what china is.

Democracy

Ruled by the people this is what the Unite State is.

Monarchy

a form of government where a single person, known as a Monarch erves as the head of state for life or until abdication.

Republic

a form of government where power rests with the people and their elected representatives, and there is no monarch

Economics

the study of satisfying seemingly unlimited wants with limited resources.

Capitalism

 an economic system where private individuals and businesses own and control the tools, factories, and resources used to make goods and services.

The five main characteristics of capitalism

Private Ownership and Control-we all own our own stuff and things. 

Free Enterprise-letting the market do what the market does. NO Government intervise 

Competition- Better prices, when company compete prices go lower, increase quality, better quality

 Freedom of Choice

Possibility for Profits

Free Market

is an economic system where prices and services are set by supply and demand through competition, without government control. 

Invisible Hand

an imaginary force that drives the market forward.

Laissez-faire

Hands off

Socialism

is a political and economic system where the public or the state owns and controls the major means of production, distribution, and exchange.

3 main goals of Socialism

Equal distribution of wealth, Societal control, through the govt, of all major decisions, Public ownership

Bourgeoisie

 fancy, the owners making all the money

Proletariat

doing all the work making everything ,they're the workers.

communism

Occurs after socialism is instituted. One social class. Property is held in common (by the public). NO GOVERNMENT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ELE= everybody loves everybody. No government, no social order, everyone loves everyone.

Command economy

The people make zero economic decisions.

Social contract

The agreement between the people and the government. That looks different depending on where you are. It’s the Constitution

Natural Law

Your rights end where someone else’s begins. Do whatever you want that makes you happy until what you do takes away someone's rights. Universal moral laws apply to everyone, everywhere.

Natural rights

Rights that all humans are born with.

Separation of Powers

a political and constitutional system that divides the core tasks of government into three distinct branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial.

Adam Smith

Laissez-Faire guy which means hands off, and the government needs to be laid off of the economy. And the economy needs to do what they do which now involves the invisible hand. Which is an imaginary force that drives the market forward. Describes a society on in which the market regulates itself

Karl Marx

communist manifesto, father of communism, he doesnt like capitalism, he believed class struggle was a big deal with government and wanted to get rid of those class struggles by getting rid of the bourgeoisie, proletariat. The bourgeoisie are the rich that are the owners of everything. And the proletariat are the poor that are the ones working everything.

John Locke

wrote two treatises on government, he believed in a social contract where the people held the power.  He had the thought that if the government fails to protect these rights, the people have the right to revolt. He made up the 3 natural rights which are life, liberty, and property. Life stands for the right to live and breathe, liberty the right to make your own choices, to be free, and property the right to own stuff, those things are yours and the stuff is not the governments.

Tomas Jefferson

He was the author of the American Declaration of Independence. And believed in life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness until it interferes with someone’s rights. He borrowed Locke’s ideas but changed it and said all men had certain unalienable rights and those were life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Thomas Hobbes

He wrote the Leviathan Said life was “nasty, brutish, and short”. Believed that people craved and needed an authoritarian ruler to avoid chaos.The social contract provided the basis for this power.

Baron de Montesquieu

Believes the power shouldn’t be in the hands of one person instead speaerated, divided into 3 different branches. Those 3 branches are the Legislative which makes the laws, the Executive which enforces the laws, and the Judicial which interprets the laws. He wrote the spirit of laws.

Voltaire

He served 2 prison terms and was exiled from France for violating laws limiting the freedom of speech. Believes he should say and write what he wants. Believes in Natural rights and Freedom and speech and press. He effected the first Amendment. 

RAPPS

R- Religion, A-Assembly, P-Press, P-Petition, S-Speech