Cell Bio Exam #1

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Plant cell wall

strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils

central vacuole

regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds

cholorplast

makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy

mitochondrion

produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell

Golgi apparatus

modifies and packages proteins

Which statements are true for chloroplasts? Select the three that apply.

They are the sites of reactions that convert chemical energy to ATP.

Their matrix contains enzymes that function in cellular respiration.

They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy.

Their inner membrane has infoldings called cristae.

They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma.

They contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy.

They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma.

They contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

1. In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are _____.

2. Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by _______ which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins.

3. Centrosomes are sites where protein dimers assemble into

_______

4. The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of ________

5. The only cytoskeletal fibers not associated with intracellular movement or whole cell locomotion are the ______-

6. During muscle contractions, myosin motor proteins move across tracks of ___________.

microtubules

intermediate filaments

microfilaments

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.  

Chromatin is composed of DNA and protein.

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.    

nucleolus

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins andphospholipids to its own membrane?    

rough endoplasmic reticulum    

Where is calcium stored?    

Smooth ER, In addition to storing calcium, the smooth ER also plays a role in detoxification and lipid synthesis.

Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?

The Golgi apparatus modifies, stores, and packages products of the ER.

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?  

Microtubules are rods that also play a role in organelle movement.

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.    

Basal bodies and centrioles have identical structures.

Which of these organelles produces H₂O₂ as a by-product?    

peroxisome

mitochondrion

flagellum

nucleus

centrioles

Peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product of their metabolic processes.

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.    

Fimbriae

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?    

adhesion

protein synthesis

DNA storage

protection

propulsion

protection

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?    

capsule

pili

cell wall

flagella

nucleoid region

cell wall        

What is the function of Cholesterol?

Cholesterol helps to stabilize the structure of the plasma membrane.

Which of the following accurately details the relationship between wavelength of illumination, lens quality, magnification, and the limit of resolution for light microscopy?

Magnification and limit of resolution are independent of wavelength of illumination and lens quality for light microscopy.

As shorter wavelength illumination and better-quality lenses are used, magnification will decrease and the limit of resolution will decrease.

As shorter wavelength illumination and better-quality lenses are used, magnification will increase and the limit of resolution will decrease.

As shorter wavelength illumination and better-quality lenses are used, magnification will increase and the limit of resolution will increase.

As shorter wavelength illumination and better-quality lenses are used, magnification will increase and the limit of resolution will decrease.

Which type of microscope can detect density differences and thereby see organelles in living cells?

phase contrast

fluorescence

SEM

TEM

phase contrast

What type of microscopy is best suited for taking advantage of the transparency of C. elegans in order to visualize a specific internal structure?

scanning electron microscopy

transmission electron microscopy

brightfield light microscopy

fluorescence microscopy

superresolution light microscopy

fluorescence microscopy