CPR/First Aid Exam 2

how to check an ill or injured person

CHECK - scene and form impression, responsiveness, obtain consent, SAM, focused check

CALL - call 911

CARE - based on conditions you find

FAST

used for recognizing a stroke

F-face drooping

A- arm weakness

S- speech difficulty

T- time to call 911

treatment and care for a nosebleed

Check-Care-Call and PPE

pinch nostrils (5min) while sitting and leaning forward

severe bleeding/gushing blood call 911

opiod overdose (S+S)

decreased breathing, blue/gray colored skin, evidence, cardiac arrest

CARE: call 911, CPR if cardiac arrest, Naloxone (temporarily reverses opiod affects)

diabetic emergency (S+S)

seem generally ill, trouble breathing, feels weak, fas heartbeat, dizzy/shakey, cool clammy skin, irritable

CARE: sugar, glucagon kit

seizures (S+S)

loss of conciousness, entire body convulsions, focal movements of a part of the body, staring

CARE: call 911, do not hold the person down, let the seizure run its course, move furniture or objects in the way, monitor

shock

rapid or weak heartbeat

rapid breathing

pale gray skin

vomitting

excessive thirst

CARE: call 911, lie flat on back, maintain body temp, do not give food or drink, monitor

stroke

trouble with speech/language

drooling/difficulty swallowing

drooping features

weakness or numbness

sudden severe headache

confusiong

loss of balance

loss of consciousness

CARE: call 911, monitor, put in recovery

fainting (S+S)

becomes pale, begins to sweat, feels weak/dizzy

feels light-headed

CARE: place in recovery, monitor

life-threatening bleeding

amount of blood = ½ of a soda can

flowing continuously or spurting 

CARE: call 911, apply direct pressure, touriquet if on limb, gauze

internal bleeding (S+S)

may not be obvious, other injuries, intense pain at the site, vomitting, cough vomit or urinating blood, tender swollen area, bruising, suspect shock

tourniquet application

2-3 inches above the wound (between the wound and the heart)

do not place on top of the wound or a joint

abrasion

open wound

occurs when something rubs roughly against the skin, causing damage to the surface o the skin

scrapes, rug burn, turf burn

laceration

open wound

cut caused by a sharp object

blunt force splits the skin

infection (S+S)

increased pain, swelling, redness, warmth to the area

red streak extending from the wound area toward the heart

pus

fever

when and why stiches

deep or longer than ½ in

wounds on the part of the body where scarring could impair apperance or function (face, hands, feet)

wounds with jagged edges, gaping, or straight edges that wont stay closed

sprain

ligament is stretched, torn, damaged

strain

tendon or muscle is stretch, torn, damaged

dislocation

the bones that meet at a joint move out of their normal position

noticable deformity

fracture

complete break, chip, or crack in the bone

burns (S+S)

appear red, brown, or black

swelling and blisters

blisters might break and ooze a clear fluid

soft splints

blankets ,towels, pillow, bandages

hard splints

wood, tree branch, newspaper, cardboard

anatomical splint

using another body part for support

slings

upper limbs only

using the neck to support the arms weight

spinal cord injuries

trauma to the verterae

sharp bone fragments press into the soft tissue of spinal cord, causing damage

swelling of spinal cord and tssue, compressing it against hard bone

paralysis- loss of movement/sensation in body parts below site of injury

paraplegia- affects both legs and lower trunk

quadriplegia- both arms, trunk, both legs

tooth injuries

control bleeding w gauze

locate tooth, place in rehydration salt

dentist may be able to replace it

heat cramps

have person drink, can return to activity

heat exhaustion

fluids lost through sweating are not replaced and other cooling mechanisms become compromised

heat stroke

body’s cooling system is completely overwhelmed and stops working