Predation and Sociality Vocabulary

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Vocabulary flashcards about predation and sociality based on lecture notes.

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13 Terms

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Predation

An interaction in which one species (predator) kills and eats the other (prey). It has a positive effect on population growth for the predator but a negative effect on the prey.

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Predator-prey population cycles

Close-knit cycles between predator and prey populations, influenced by predation.

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Evolutionary arms race

The co-evolution of defense mechanisms in prey species due to predation, leading to an ongoing evolutionary competition.

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Predator sensory adaptations

Advanced sensory structures in predators, such as the Ampullae of Lorenzini in sharks, to detect prey.

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Aristotle’s Lantern

A feeding structure used by sea urchins (Echinoderms) to consume algae.

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Operculum

A structure on the dorsal side of the foot in most aquatic snails that closes the aperture of the shell when the snail retracts, providing defense and preventing drying out.

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Mullerian mimicry

A form of mimicry where both species are toxic and have evolved to look like each other, advertising danger to deter predators.

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Batesian mimicry

A form of mimicry where one species is a harmful model, and the other is a harmless mimic.

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Trichomes

Hairs on leaves or plant structures that deter herbivores.

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Predator swamping

A strategy where prey exist at high population densities briefly, reducing the odds that any one individual is eaten.

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Eusociality

A complex social structure among animals involving cooperative brood care, division of labor into reproductive and non-reproductive groups, and overlapping generations.

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Kin selection

Individuals in a colony are related (share genes), so an individual’s fitness remains high even if they don’t reproduce but care for siblings.

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Honey Bee Communication

The 'waggle dance' communicates the location and quality of distant food sources. The 'round dance' communicates the location and quality of nearby food sources.