great diseases exam 2 REAL

Ebola Family

Filovirus

Marburg Family

Filovirus

Lassa Family

Arenavirus

Malaria Family

plasmodium

West Nile Family

flavivirus

Dengue Family

flavivirus

Rift Valley Fever Family

Phenuvivirdae within Bunyavirus

Yellow Fever Family 

flavivirus

zika family

flavivirus

Chikungunya Family

Togavirus within Alphavirus

Polio Family

picornaviridae

vector borne diseases

1. Ebola (Aedes)

2. Marburg (Aedes)

3. Malaria (Anopheles)

4. West Nile (Aedes)

5. Dengue (Aedes)

6. RVF (Aedes)

7. Yellow Fever (Aedes)

8. Zika (Aedes)

9. Chikungunya (Aedes)

Non-vector borne diseases

1. Mpox

2. Lassa Fever

3. Polio

reservoir for Mpox

grass cutter (cane) rats

reservoir for ebola

1. fruit bats

2. pigs

3. humans

reservoir for west nile

birds

reservoir for dengue

Humans + wild monkeys

reservoir for chikungunya

1. monkeys

2. birds

3. cattle

4. rodents

5. mosquitos

6. humans

reservoir for polio

none → only affects humans

What disease can be sexually transmitted?

Ebola and Zika

Which two diseases transmit transovarial?

1. RVF

2. Yellow Fever

which disease is the current leading cause of death in the tropics

Dengue

What carries Lassa Fever

Mastomys Rat

what is an arbovirus

vector-borne virus

what are the two female mosquito vectors

1. Aedes aegypti

2. Aedes albopictus

symptoms of ebola and marburg

1. unexplained hemorrhaging

2. muscle pain

3. fatigue

4. vomiting

what are the three major symptoms of malaria

3 demons

1. chills

2. fever

3. headaches

symptoms of west nile

1. fever

2. headache

3. rash 

4. vomiting

5. swollen lymph nodes

symptoms of dengue

1. fever

2. rash

3. headache

4. joint pain

symptoms of yellow fever

1. headaches

2. jaundice

3. death

symptoms of zika

1. malaise

2. red eyes

3. few deaths

symptoms of chikungunya

1. joint pain

2. pain in lower back 

symptoms of polio

1. fever

2. sore throat

3. stiff neck

4. aching muscles

how is polio transmitted

1. fecal-oral

2. oral-oral

which diseases do not have an FDA approved vaccine yet

1. marburg

2. west nile

3. RVF

4. Lassa

5. Zika

where was marburg first seen

marburg + frankfurt in 1967

where was RVF first seen

Rift Valley of Kenya 1930

where was ebola first seen

South Sudan 1976

where was zika first isolated

Entebbe, Uganda

where was chikungunya first isolated

Tanzania

why is zika a big problem?

1. preganant women- causes microcephaly + other birth defects

2. Guillian-Barre in adults

what % of Lassa fever cases go undiagnosed

80%

who developed the first vaccine for ebola

1. Merck for Zaire in 2019

2. Johnson + Johnson

ebola persists in bodily fluids like semen

true

when was the biggest outbreak in a while of ebola

2013-2016

what are the 3 outcomes of West Nile

1. asymptomatic

2. mild febrile syndrome

3. meningitis/encephalitis

sylvatic yellow fever

infected monkeys → humans

intermediate yellow fever

semi-domestic mosquitos near a lot of humans (Most common in Africa)

urban yellow fever

Aedes aegypti → humans

who was the first person to propose that mosquitos transmitted yellow fever

Dr. Carlos Juan Finley - 1881

who died proving that mosquitos can transmit a disease agent

Jesse Lazear

What did William Crawford Gorgas do?

1. helped eliminate YF from Havana, Cuba

2. helped protect workers building Panama Canal from 1904-1914

who developed the YF vaccine

Dr. Max Thieler (attenuated viral)

____ called Dengue the _____

Benjamin Rush…break bone fever

who isolated the first dengue

Ren Kimura 1943

who isolated dengue in the US

albert sabin + walter schelesingerin 

how many serotypes of dengue are there

4

what is the Dengue vaccine

tetravalent live-attenuated (Dengvaxia 3 doses req)

what is the pathology of malaria

1. massive hemolysis

2. jaundice

3. black urine

what is the major consequence of malaria

cerebral malaria

what did people originally think malaria was from

1. Miasma Theory

2. Fever Tree

Who is Charles Laveran

discovered parasites in red blood cells

when did they figure out that a protozoan causes malaria

~ 1880

where is malaria most common

British India (intermittent fever/ague)

who is Sir Ronald Ross

1897 found protozoan in stomach of Anopheles