Enzyme Notes

substrates (reactants)

products ... when product had lower energy than substrate

larger activation energy

slower reaction

can't heat a cell

use an enzyme

enzymes are made of...

proteins

active site

part of the enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place

denaturation of proteins

- proteins shape as thermal energy breaks down hydrogen bonds holding the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein together
- other causes: oh changes, salt concentrations
- protein becomes nonfunctional (substrate no longer fits into active site)

pH of blood and bodily fluids

7.4
- maintained by bicarbonate buffering system

body temperature

between 37 degrees Celsius and 38 degrees Celsius
- maintained by many thermoregulatory mechanisms

lock and key model

- enzymes are specific or show specificity for a particular substrate and chemical reaction
- only the correct key (substrate) will fit in the lock (active site)

steps in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

1. substrate binds to active site of enzyme forming enzyme-substrate complex
2. substrate - product(s)
3. product is released
4. enzyme can be used again

enzyme-catalyzed reaction