Term 4 Cumulative (Kent, 2025)

Mean

Sum of all values divided by the number of values.

Median

The middle number in a set when the numbers are ordered. If there are two middle numbers, the median is the average of these two numbers. To find the median, list the values in order and identify the middle value or average the two middle values.

Mode

The most frequent number in a data set.

Standard Deviation

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Symmetric Distribution

A distribution where the mean is approximately equal to the median.

Skewed Left

A distribution with a tail on the left side, where the mean is less than the median. In this type of distribution, most data points are concentrated on the RIGHT.

Skewed Right

A distribution with a tail on the right side, where the mean is greater than the median. In this type of distribution, most data points are concentrated on the LEFT.

Uniform Distribution

A distribution where all values are equally likely.

Effect of Outliers on Mean

The mean is affected by extreme values.

Effect of Outliers on Median

The median is resistant to extreme values.

Histogram

A graphical depiction of the frequency distribution of numerical data.

Scatterplot

A graph that shows the relationship between two variables.

Line of Best Fit

A straight line that best represents the data on a scatterplot. A statistical line that minimizes the distance between itself and all data points on a scatterplot, indicating the trend in the data.

Form (y = mx +b)

Equation of Line of Best Fit

y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.

Equation for slope is given by m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1), which represents the change in y for a unit change in x.

Strength of Correlation

Describes how closely the data points cluster around the line of best fit (weak, moderate, strong).

Sample Space

The set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment.

Probability Calculation

The ratio of favorable outcomes to total outcomes.

Two-Way Table

A table that displays data about two categorical variables.

Union of Events

The occurrence of at least one of the events A or B.

Intersection of Events

The occurrence of both events A and B.

Independent Events

Events where the occurrence of one does not affect the other.

Dependent Events

Events where the occurrence of one affects the occurrence of the other.

Disjoint Events

Events that cannot occur at the same time.

Function Notation

A way to express a function using symbols, typically f(x) for an input x.

Polynomial Degree

The highest power of the variable in a polynomial.

Leading Coefficient

The coefficient of the term with the highest degree in a polynomial.

End Behavior of Polynomials

The behavior of the graph of a polynomial function as x approaches positive or negative infinity.

Y-Intercept

The y-coordinate where the graph intersects the y-axis, found by setting x = 0.

X-Intercepts

The values of x where the polynomial equals zero.

These points are where the graph intersects the x-axis, found by solving the equation for when y = 0.

Factoring Polynomials

The process of breaking down a polynomial into simpler factors.

• Look for the Greatest Common Factor

• What multiplies to a * c?

• What adds to b?

• Box method

Invisible Zeros

Zeros that do not appear as x-intercepts on a graph, often relating to imaginary numbers.

Multiplicity of Zeros

Refers to how many times a particular zero occurs in a polynomial.