Unit 4: Authoritarian & Single Party States

Flashcards for vocabulary review.

Rhineland

Area between Germany and France demilitarized after WWI, remilitarized by Hitler in 1936.

Anschluss

Union of Austria and Germany in 1938.

Sudetenland

Area of Czechoslovakia populated by German-speaking people, given to Hitler.

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Agreement between Hitler and Stalin to not take military action against each other.

Gustav Stresemann

Chancellor and Foreign Minister of Germany during the Weimar Republic's 'golden years', instrumental in establishing foreign relations.

Dawes Plan

Proposed by Charles Dawes, it lowered Germany's reparation payments and loaned Germany money.

Locarno Pact

Series of treaties where Germany accepted its western borders.

Treaty of Rapallo

Agreement between Germany and Russia reestablishing normal relations and canceling financial claims.

The Young Plan

Altered reparations proposal in return the allies removed all foreign controls on Germany's economy.

Kapp Putsch

1920 armed conservative insurrection that temporarily caused the German government to flee and resulted in workers' strikes.

Munich/Beer Hall Putsch

Failed attempt by Hitler to seize power by armed forces.

Corporatism

Italian idea where the government controls industry without destroying private enterprises.

Stresa Front

Alliance between Italy, Great Britain, and France intended to keep Germany's aggression at bay.

Ernst Röhm

Leader of the SA.

Heinrich Himmler

Leader of the SS.

Paul von Hindenburg

President of the Weimar Republic who appointed Hitler Chancellor in 1933.

Reichstag Fire

Incident where the Reichstag was burnt; Hitler used it to blame Communists.

Enabling Act

Gave Hitler full emergency powers for 4 years.

Concordat

Agreement between Hitler and the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church would retain the rights to education while it surrendered political leadership

The Night of Long Knives

SS executes old enemies and numerous SA officials, including Ernst Rohm

Hermann Göering

German politician in Nazi Germany who founded the Gestapo

Autarky

A country's economic policy of self-sufficiency.

The Four Year Plan

Hermann Göering's plan to make Germany's economy and military forces ready for war in 4 years.

Kristallnacht

(Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews.

Lebensraum

Living space. The plan for Germany to take land from the east

Friedrich Ebert

First president of the Weimar Republic.

Benito Mussolini

Leader of Fascist Italy; gained support from upper and middle class Italians fearing Communist influence.

Fascism

System of government with strict social/economic control and a strong, centralized government led by a dictator.

Communism

Form of government where all classes are equal and property is commonly controlled.

Lateran Accord

Agreement between Mussolini and Catholic Church, Vatican City independence was recognized. Church supported Fascist rule.

Battle for the Southern Problem

Mussolini's plan to overcome poverty in Southern Italy by building new villages in Sicily and the south

Battle for Grain

Mussolini's plan to reduce imports by encouraging farmers to grow more cereal grains

Battle for Births

Mussolini's plan to increase the Italian population

Battle for Land

Mussolini's plan to increase the amount of arable land by draining marshes and swamps

Abyssinia

Modern-day Ethiopia. By taking over this land, Mussolini hoped to create an Italian Empire in Africa

Freikorps

Volunteer groups of demobilized soldiers fighting for right-wing values.

Hyperinflation

Extremely rapid devaluation of (paper) money, especially when it loses its value as quickly as it is produced.