Chapter 18 - Acid-Base

H3O+

H3O+

________ is formed as a hydronium ion, which makes H bonds with many additional water molecules.

Water

for example, NH3 and K2CO3 both produce OH.

H2O

Acids include H and yield H3O+ in water, bases contain OH and yield OH in water, and an acid- base reaction is the reaction of H+ and OH to generate ________, according to the Arrhenius definition.

H

________ must be present in the formula of an acid; HNO3 and H2PO4 are examples, as they are only two of countless instances.

Arrhenius

________ and others discovered that even though some compounds lack distinct OH ions, they nevertheless act as bases.

aqueous solution

Water binds the proton produced by acid in a(n) ________ to generate a hydrated species denoted by H3O+ (aq)

image

Water receives a proton from acid, as shown in the ________ attached below.

H+

A base is any substance that takes a(n) ________ ion as a proton acceptor.

neutralize

When a(n) acid and a base react, they ________ each other.

H2O

The proton is surrounded by water molecules, forming H- bonded species with the general formula (________) nH+.

Arrhenius

________ was able to explain a fundamental aspect regarding neutralization: no matter which strong acid and a strong base react, and no matter which salt emerges, H°rxn equals 55.9 kJ per molecule.

H2O

When HCl dissolves in water, it transfers one H+ ion (a proton) from HCl to ________, where it attaches to a lone pair of electrons on the O atom, creating H3O+.