[ Psychiatric ] Sleep Disorders 4

Obstructive sleep apnea: Core pathophysiology

Breathing issues due to obstruction.

Obstructive sleep apnea: Typical patient profile

Usually obese patients.

Obstructive sleep apnea: Associated acid-base disturbance

Respiratory acidosis.

Obstructive sleep apnea: Primary management

CPAP.

Central sleep apnea: Core pathophysiology

Breathing issues due to aberrant brain signaling.

Central sleep apnea: High-risk patient population

More common among chronic opioid users.

Central sleep apnea: Primary management

BiPAP.

Sleepwalking (somnambulism): Motor clinical presentation

Automatic behaviors (walking, dressing).

Sleepwalking (somnambulism): Arousability and memory status

Patient is: difficult to awaken, amnestic for the event.

Sleep terrors: Clinical presentation features

Sudden episodes of: screaming or intense fear, autonomic activation.

Sleep terrors: Mental status during episode

Patient appears confused and unresponsive.

Sleep terrors: Memory recall of the event

No memory of the episode the next morning.

Sleep-related enuresis: Most common demographic

More common in children.

Nightmare disorder: Dream characteristics

Recurrent disturbing, well-remembered dreams.

Nightmare disorder: Common dream themes

Usually involve: threats to survival, safety, or security.

Nightmare disorder: Arousability status

Patient can be fully awakened.

REM sleep behavior disorder: Core pathophysiology

Loss of normal REM muscle atonia.

REM sleep behavior disorder: Clinical behavioral manifestation

Patient acts out dreams physically