COPD Treatment and Management Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering COPD drug classes, specific dosages, exacerbation management protocols, FEV1 severity stages, and inhaler selection criteria based on lecture notes.

SAMA

Short-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist that competitively blocks acetylcholine receptors to decrease mucus secretion and increase bronchodilation.

LAMA

Long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist used for long-term maintenance of stable COPD to relieve dyspnea and bronchospasm, typically administered once daily.

Ipratropium Stable COPD Dose

A metered-dose inhalation of $42\,\mu\text{g}$ given as two inhalations three to four times a day when required.

Ipratropium Severe Acute Asthma Dose

Eight inhalations ($168\,\mu\text{g}$) via a spacer or $500\,\mu\text{g}$ via a nebulizer, administered every 20 minutes for 3 doses alongside salbutamol.

Aclidinium

A long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA) that serves as the exception to once-daily dosing by being administered twice daily.

Vagal Tone

Nervous signaling originating from the vagus nerve that triggers acetylcholine release, causing muscarinic receptor binding, mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and decreased heart rate.

Air Trapping

Trapping of air inside the alveoli caused by mucus-blocked bronchioles, bronchoconstriction, and exercise resistance, which anti-acetylcholine drugs help reduce.

Oral Prednisolone Exacerbation Dosing

An oral corticosteroid regimen of $30\text{--}50\,\text{mg}$ daily administered for 5 to 10 days to treat acute COPD exacerbations.

Inhaled Corticosteroids COPD Initiation Threshold

Initiated alongside a LABA and LAMA if FEV1 is less than $50\%$ predicted and the patient has had two exacerbations in the preceding 12 months.

Mild COPD Classification

COPD severity characterized by an FEV1 value of $60\%$ to $80\%$ predicted, managed initially with as-needed short-acting relievers like a SABA or SAMA.

Moderate COPD Classification

COPD severity characterized by an FEV1 value of $45\%$ to $59\%$ predicted.

Severe COPD Classification

COPD severity characterized by an FEV1 value lower than $40\%$ predicted.

Exacerbation SABA Dosing

Four to eight puffs ($400\text{--}800\,\mu\text{g}$) via a metered-dose inhaler and spacer every 3 to 4 hours, titrated to response.

5A Strategy

A non-pharmacological smoking cessation framework consisting of Ask, Advice, Assess, Assist, and Arrange.

23vPPV Dosing Recommendation

Pneumococcal vaccine schedule restricting administration to no more than 3 doses in an adult's lifetime, spaced 5 years apart, with standard age-related dosing starting at 65 years.

Low-Dose Theophylline

A Step 4 add-on therapy for severe COPD (FEV1 lower than $40\%$ predicted) prescribed at $100\,\text{mg}$ twice daily.

Inadequate Inspiratory Flow Rate Recommendation

Inhaler selection guideline directing clinicians to avoid DPIs and breath-actuated pMDIs, and to prescribe a pressurized MDI used with a spacer.

Inability to Coordinate Actuation and Inhalation Recommendation

Inhaler selection guideline directing clinicians to avoid a pMDI without a spacer, and instead use a breath-actuated pMDI or a DPI.