Sport Psychology Exam 1

2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Moderate Exercise

5 days per week and 150 minutes per week

2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Moderate Exercise

3 days per week and 75 minutes per week

Performance-related physical characteristics (3)

Strength, Speed, Stamina

Performance-related technical characteristics (3)

Skill Development, Strategy, Synchronization

Performance-related psychological characteristics (4)

Confidence, Concentration, Consistency, Control

History: 1897

Norman Triplett, first sport psychology experiment

History: 1918

Coleman Griffith (Father of NA Sport Psychology), informal study of team sports

History: 1925

University of Illinois hires C. Griffith for research in athletics laboratory

History: 1943

Dorothy Yates, first woman credited with sport psychology research

History: 1965

First World Congress of Sport Psychology held in Rome

Who is the father of Applied Sport Psychology?

Bruce Ogilvie

History: 1985

USOC hires first full-time Sport Psychologist

History: 1986

AASP (Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology) established

History: 1988

US Olympic Team accompanied by Sport Psychologist for the first time

Social Facilitation Theory

being around other people increases performance, even if it’s not a competition

Hypothesis

a deduced statement which can be tested empirically; an educated hunch

Methods of Knowing: “DK” Theory

continuum of knowing from “Damn Konfident” to “Don’t Know”

Analytical Research types

Historical, Philosophic, Literature Review, Meta-analysis

Descriptive Research types

Survey, Case Study, Job Analysis

Experimental Research

trying to establish a cause-and-effect

Qualitative Research types

Interpretive, Ethnographic, Case Study, Participant Observor

4 Principles for Integrating Science into Professional Practice

1. Apply scientific principles

2. evaluate the utility of principles

3. keep current on changes to scientific knowledge base

4. hold realistic expectations about strengths/limitations of scientific theory

Psychophysiological orientation

psychological processes (depression, cognition, etc.) related to physiological processes (brain, heart activity)

Social-psychological orientation

the interaction between the environment and the individual’s personality

Cognitive-behavioral orientation

behavior is determined by both the environment and by cognition (thought patterns)

Strengths of scientific knowledge

• highly reliable

• systematic/controlled

• objective/unbiased

Strengths of professional practice knowledge

• holistic

• innovative

• immediate

limitations of scientific knowledge (increased internal validity)

• reductionism

• lack of practicality

• conservative/slow to evolve

limitations of professional practice knowledge (increased external validity)

• less reliable

• lack of explanations

• susceptible to bias

Layers of personality structure, from most to least stable

1. psychological core

2. typical responses

3. role-related behavior

Psychodynamic Approach to personality

Understanding a person as a whole, rather than identifying isolated traits (not used much today as it ignores environmental influences)

Trait Approach to personality

Individual personality traits predispose one to act in a certain way regardless of the situation

Hans Eysenck, Dimensions of Personality (1947)

Personality traits exist on a continuum (extroversion-introversion, neuroticism-stability)

Situational Approach to personality

behavior is determined by the situation/environment, regardless of traits

Interactional approach

Behavior is determined by the situation, personality traits, as well as the interaction between the two

Phenomenological Approach to personality

Similar to the interactional approach, traits, situations, and the interaction determine behavior. Additionally, a person’s experiences and perceptions are a factor as well. Most popular approach in sport psychology today.

Five Factor Model traits

1. Extroversion

2. Neuroticism/Emotionality

3. Openness to Experience

4. Agreeableness

5. Conscientiousness

Athletes tend to have higher levels of _____; in team sports, they have lower levels of _____

extroversion; conscientiousness

Social Desirability as a Methodological Consideration

The biases of participants within a study can affect the outcomes; having a placebo group can help mitigate