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pKa
extent of ionization in H2O, indication of how strong the acid is
smaller pKa
more acidic
pKa formula
pKa = -log Ka
Ka
acid dissociation constant
pH
pH = -log [H+]
Keq
Keq = [H3O+][A-] / [HA][H2O]
log Ka
log Ka = log [H3O+] + log [A-] - log [HA] = pKa
Henderson Hasselbach
pH = pKa + log [conj base]/[acid]
pKa for base
pKa < 2 : not basic/acidic
pKa 4-6 : very weak base
pKa 8-10 : weak base
pKa > 12 : strong base
if pH > pKa
acidic functional groups are primarily ionized, basic groups unionized
if pH < pKa
acidic functional groups are primarily unionized, basic groups ionized
quaternary ammonium functional groups
always 100% ionized
non-electrolytes
always 100% unionized