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fundus
top portion of uterus
transabdominal
imaging through the abdomen
electronic medical record (EMR)
electronic database containing all the patient information
picture archiving and communication system (PACS)
database that stores radiologic images
transvaginal/endovaginal
within the vagina
scanning protocol
list of images to required for a complete examination
bioeffects
biophysical results of the interaction of sound waves and tissue
perivascular
around the vessels
ascites
fluid within the abdominal or pelvic cavity
transducer footprint
area of the transducer that comes in contact with the patient and emits ultrasound
adnexa
area around an organ
modality worklist (MWL)
electronic list of patients entered into a modality, such as ultrasound, which helps reduce data entry errors
lithotomy position
position of the patient with the feet in stirrups often used during delivery
endocavity
inside a cavity such as the abdomen or pelvis
radiology information system (RIS)
physical or electronic system designed to manage radiology data, such as billing, reports, and images
nongravid
nonpregnant
hospital information system (HIS)
paper-based or computerized system designed to manage hospital data, such as billing and patient records
Carnegie stages
a method used to classify the embryo, placing the embryo into categories depending on age, size, and morphologic characteristics is called:
pre-embryonic fusion
fetal period genitourinary anomalies do not include:
intra-abdominal lesions
cloacal anomalies can result in:
kidneys
an ultrasound examination of a patient with hematocolpos should include imaging of the:
renal origin
the most common mass lesions in neonates are of:
at the onset of puberty
often development abnormalities in the female pelvis become apparent:
third week
the pre-embryonic phase, also known as the first Carnegie stage, lasts into the:
a female zygote
If the male gamete (the spermatozoon), which is capable of contributing either an X or Y chromosome, contributes an X chromosome to the ovum, the result is:
are gonadal ridges
precursors to the female ovaries and to the male testes:
46 chromosomes
diploid chromosomes are a result of fertilization and result in a count of:
primordial germ cells
What cells produce a gender appearance?
1 million
at birth, there are approximately ____________ oogonia in the female newborn
cervix
the vaginal fornices surround the end of the:
hemangioma
_____________ would be an inaccurate diagnosis for the finding of a hypoechoic structure in the fetal pelvis
44-49
gender (sex) is determined at approximately ______________ days
fallopian tubes
mullerian ducts fuse to develop the uterus and:
46XY
the normal male chromosomal configuration is:
male inducer substance
what hormone is absent in the female fetus that causes regression of the mesonephric ducts?
reproductive & urinary
what systems develop in tandem in the embryo and are still closely associated in the adult?
pelvis
hydronephrosis and hydroureter can display as a mass in the fetal:
distal duct regression
complications from uterine and vaginal malformations do not occur from:
genital ridges becoming sex cords
germ cells that migrate from the yolk sac to the gonadal region form the:
regression of the uterine septum
apoptosis is related to:
hematometrocolpos
sonography is useful in imaging _____________, a combination of menstrual blood, fluid, and secretions in the distended vagina and uterus caused by imperforate hymen
hypoplasia of both the uterus and vagina
arrested development of the bilateral mullerian ducts causes:
fetal renal and spinal anomalies
MRKH and MURCS are related to:
lower one-fifth of the vagina
the wolffian duct forms the sinovaginal bulbs which with the mullerian tubercle finally becomes:
sagittal plane
uterine agenesis is imaged best in the:
obstruction and hematocolpos
defects of vertical vaginal fusion can result in the formation of a transverse vaginal septum, which can cause:
laparoscopy for endometriosis
initially, a transverse vaginal septum requires all except:
complete absence of the vagina
the easiest vaginal anomaly to view sonographically is:
MRI
which imaging modality is extremely helpful if hematometrocolpos or hematometra distorts the reproductive organs causing limited imaging capability using ultrasound?
saline-infused sonography (SIS)
sonohysterography is also known as:
HSG
what is the most effective diagnostic method for determining uterus unicornis?
cervical incompetence
bicornuate uterus is related to:
MRI, 3D endovaginal sonography
what is a definite method for distinguishing bicornuate uterus from septate anomalies?
uterine didelphys
complete midline failure of mullerian duct fusion results in:
poorly vascularized fibromuscular tissue
the uterine septum consists of:
renal agenesis
uterus didelphys, more than any other mullerian anomaly, is associated with:
luminal atresia, absent muscular layer, and absent ampulla
anomalies of the fallopian tubes include: