Module 1 Workbook

fundus

top portion of uterus

transabdominal

imaging through the abdomen

electronic medical record (EMR)

electronic database containing all the patient information

picture archiving and communication system (PACS)

database that stores radiologic images

transvaginal/endovaginal

within the vagina

scanning protocol

list of images to required for a complete examination

bioeffects

biophysical results of the interaction of sound waves and tissue

perivascular

around the vessels

ascites

fluid within the abdominal or pelvic cavity

transducer footprint

area of the transducer that comes in contact with the patient and emits ultrasound

adnexa

area around an organ

modality worklist (MWL)

electronic list of patients entered into a modality, such as ultrasound, which helps reduce data entry errors

lithotomy position

position of the patient with the feet in stirrups often used during delivery

endocavity

inside a cavity such as the abdomen or pelvis

radiology information system (RIS)

physical or electronic system designed to manage radiology data, such as billing, reports, and images

nongravid

nonpregnant

hospital information system (HIS)

paper-based or computerized system designed to manage hospital data, such as billing and patient records

Carnegie stages

a method used to classify the embryo, placing the embryo into categories depending on age, size, and morphologic characteristics is called:

pre-embryonic fusion

fetal period genitourinary anomalies do not include:

intra-abdominal lesions

cloacal anomalies can result in:

kidneys

an ultrasound examination of a patient with hematocolpos should include imaging of the:

renal origin

the most common mass lesions in neonates are of:

at the onset of puberty

often development abnormalities in the female pelvis become apparent:

third week

the pre-embryonic phase, also known as the first Carnegie stage, lasts into the:

a female zygote

If the male gamete (the spermatozoon), which is capable of contributing either an X or Y chromosome, contributes an X chromosome to the ovum, the result is:

are gonadal ridges

precursors to the female ovaries and to the male testes:

46 chromosomes

diploid chromosomes are a result of fertilization and result in a count of:

primordial germ cells

What cells produce a gender appearance?

1 million

at birth, there are approximately ____________ oogonia in the female newborn

cervix

the vaginal fornices surround the end of the:

hemangioma

_____________ would be an inaccurate diagnosis for the finding of a hypoechoic structure in the fetal pelvis

44-49

gender (sex) is determined at approximately ______________ days

fallopian tubes

mullerian ducts fuse to develop the uterus and:

46XY

the normal male chromosomal configuration is:

male inducer substance

what hormone is absent in the female fetus that causes regression of the mesonephric ducts?

reproductive & urinary

what systems develop in tandem in the embryo and are still closely associated in the adult?

pelvis

hydronephrosis and hydroureter can display as a mass in the fetal:

distal duct regression

complications from uterine and vaginal malformations do not occur from:

genital ridges becoming sex cords

germ cells that migrate from the yolk sac to the gonadal region form the:

regression of the uterine septum

apoptosis is related to:

hematometrocolpos

sonography is useful in imaging _____________, a combination of menstrual blood, fluid, and secretions in the distended vagina and uterus caused by imperforate hymen

hypoplasia of both the uterus and vagina

arrested development of the bilateral mullerian ducts causes:

fetal renal and spinal anomalies

MRKH and MURCS are related to:

lower one-fifth of the vagina

the wolffian duct forms the sinovaginal bulbs which with the mullerian tubercle finally becomes:

sagittal plane

uterine agenesis is imaged best in the:

obstruction and hematocolpos

defects of vertical vaginal fusion can result in the formation of a transverse vaginal septum, which can cause:

laparoscopy for endometriosis

initially, a transverse vaginal septum requires all except:

complete absence of the vagina

the easiest vaginal anomaly to view sonographically is:

MRI

which imaging modality is extremely helpful if hematometrocolpos or hematometra distorts the reproductive organs causing limited imaging capability using ultrasound?

saline-infused sonography (SIS)

sonohysterography is also known as:

HSG

what is the most effective diagnostic method for determining uterus unicornis?

cervical incompetence

bicornuate uterus is related to:

MRI, 3D endovaginal sonography

what is a definite method for distinguishing bicornuate uterus from septate anomalies?

uterine didelphys

complete midline failure of mullerian duct fusion results in:

poorly vascularized fibromuscular tissue

the uterine septum consists of:

renal agenesis

uterus didelphys, more than any other mullerian anomaly, is associated with:

luminal atresia, absent muscular layer, and absent ampulla

anomalies of the fallopian tubes include: