DRRR

HEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHHEHEHHEHEHEHEHHEHEHEHEHEHHEHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEH

Disaster

Defined by the UNISDR as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community.

United Nations Officer for Disaster Reduction

UNISDR

Disaster

An event involving widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses of impacts that exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

Disaster

A sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life.

Become Vulnerable

Philippine geographic and geologic settings explain that communities that are situated in places where they cannot protect themselves with the resources that they have ____.

* Homelessness
* Lack of Space
* Poor Building Locations
* Education
* Climate Change
* Urbanization

Factors to a community’s vulnerability

Disaster

A sudden, calamitous event that catches residents by surprise.

Disaster

Disrupts the functions of a community and causes property, economic, and environmental losses, or, worse, loss of lives.

Disaster

Often caused by natural hazards, but can also be humanmade brought by poor planning.

Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan

During ____, the local government and residents of Tacloban were prepared for a typhoon, but were caught off-guard by the sudden flood caused by the storm surge.

Dr. Kevin Rodolfo

“Lahar”

Dr. Kevin Rodolfo

He was chief of the Pinatubo Lahar Hazard Task Force, studying the volcanic mudflows that affected communities downstream of the volcano.

* Hazards
* Exposure
* Vulnerability

Elements of Disaster

* Humanmade
* Natural

Types of Disaster

* Low-Risk Index
* Location

Reasons why Philippines is Affected by Disaster

* Human Lives
* Residence
* Economy
* Infrastructure
* Environment

Disaster Affects Philippines in Terms of:

World Risk Index

The report measures risks using a system which considers a country’s vulnerability and exposure to hazards, called ____.

28

The WRI is based on ___ Indicators and Research.

* Coping Capacity
* Susceptibility
* Exposure
* Adaptive Capacity

WRI Indicators

Exposure

A country is rated from its exposure to earthquake, cyclone, flood, drought, and sea level rise.

Susceptibility

Rated off of its population’s access to improved sanitation and water supply, percentage of undernourished, dependency ratio, population of those below The poverty line, GDP per capita, and GINI index.

Coping Capacity

The following indicators are rated: corruption perception index, failed states index, number of physicians per 10,000 people, number of hospital beds per 10,000 people, and insurance coverage.

Adaptive Capacity

Refers to the size of a population that can survive on available resources.

* Education
* Biodiversity and Habitat
* Water Quantity
* Forestry and Agriculture
* Health

Factors of Adaptive Capacity

Natural Hazard

Cannot be considered as a disaster in itself. For example, a volcanic eruption on an uninhabited island.

Disaster

There must be a vulnerable entity to the phenomenon.

Exposure

This refers to those people or properties which are directly affected by natural disasters.

Risk

Defined as the measure/potential of the losses, deaths, injuries, and damage to property due to a particular or combination of hazards.

* Exposure
* Vulnerability

What to Change to Reduce Risk

Disaster Risk Measures

For Example: Moving people away from hazardous areas or implementing zoning restrictions. Training/Instructing people to prepare for a disaster. Mitigation.

Natural Disaster

Are related to the natural process that occurs on Earth with or without warning.

* Tsunami
* Earthquake
* Flash flood
* Landslides
* Avalanche

Natural disasters that occur without warning.

* Volcanic Eruption
* Typhoon
* Hurricane
* Tornado

Natural Disasters that can be monitored

Anthropogenic Hazard

Hazards caused by human action or inaction.

* Material Spills
* Contamination
* Fires
* Transportation and Mining Accidents
* Structure Fails
* Explosions
* Terrorism

Man-Made Hazards

* Geological
* Hydrometeorological
* Anthropogenic
* Biological

Classifications of Disaster

Geological Disaster

A natural disaster that is due to geological disturbances, often caused by shifts in tectonic plates and seismic activity.

Hydrometeorological

Disaster caused by extreme meteorological and climate events.

Anthropogenic

Any disaster caused by human action or inaction.

Biological

Natural scenarios involving disease, disability or death on a large scale among humans, animals and plants due to micro-organisms like bacteria, or virus or toxins.

* Earthquake
* Volcanic Eruption
* Tsunami
* Landslide
* Flood
* Subsidence

Examples of Geological Disasters

* Typhoons
* Tornadoes
* Drought
* Thunderstorms
* Storm Surges

Examples of Hydrometeorological Disasters

* Hazardous Materials
* Acid Rain
* Global Warming

Examples of Anthropogenic Disasters

* Insect Infestation
* Epidemic
* Wildfires

Examples of Biological Disasters

* Mitigation
* Preparedness
* Response
* Recovery

Phases of Disaster

* Public Education
* Awareness
* Hazard and Vulnerability Assessment
* Improved Infrastructure

Parts of Mitigation

* National Emergency
* Telecommunication and Response Plans
* Training and Exercise
* Early Warning Systems
* Operating Standards

Parts of Preparedness

Communication

Coordination

Saving Lives

Parts of Response

Restoring Telecommunication

Improving Lives

Recovery of Other Services

Parts of Recovery

You

Family and Neighbors

Civil Defense Area HQs

Local Emergency Operation Center

National and International Support

Levels of Disaster Response

* Primary
* Secondary
* Tertiary

Effects of Disaster

Primary Effects

Effects coming directly from the incident itself.

Secondary Effects

Stems from the primary effects.

Tertiary Effects

The long-term effects of natural disasters.

* Water damage due to floods
* Collapsed structures due to earthquakes

Examples of Primary Effects

* Fires ignited as a result of earthquakes,
* Disruption of electrical power and water service as a result of a disaster
* Flooding caused by a landslide into a lake or river

Examples of Secondary Effects

* Permanent relocation of a community
* Reshaping of a river channel
* Submerging of an island

Examples of Tertiary Effects

* People
* Homes
* Infrastructure
* Economy

Classifications of Effects of Disaster

Post Disaster Psychotrauma Team

Disasters can lead to a lot of fatalities. This is the reason the services of a _____ are very valuable.

Economic Crisis

Concerned with how fast the community can regain their footing and start to live back to their normal lives.

(Hazard)(Exposure)(Vulnerability)

_______________________________

Capacity

Formula For Risk

Hazards

Are those elements of the physical environment harmful to man and caused by forces extraneous to him. (Burton et al 1978).

Hazard

A source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss Standards Australia (2000).

Hazard

A natural event that has the potential to cause or harm or loss (ADPC).

Hazard

A phenomenon or situation which has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people, their property, their services, and their environment (USGS Hazard).

Emergency

Once a hazard becomes active, it can create an ____.

Incident

Hazardous situation that has come to pass.

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

ADPC

Project Noah

Department of Science and Technology's response to the call of President Benigno S. Aquino III for a more accurate, integrated, and responsive disaster prevention and mitigation system, especially in high-risk areas throughout the Philippines. Managed by University of the Philippines.

Quasi-Natural Disaster

Arise through the interaction of natural processes and human activities. Ex. Smog, Desertification

* Atmospheric
* Atmospheric (Compound)
* Technologic
* Biologic
* Hydrologic
* Geologic

Types of Hazards

* Excess Rainfall
* Freezing Rain (Glaze)
* Hail
* Heavy Snow Falls
* High Wind Speeds
* Extreme Temperature

Examples of Atmospheric Hazard

* Hurricane
* Glaze Storm
* Thunderstorm
* Blizzard
* Tornadoes
* Heat/Cold Stress

Examples of Atmospheric (Compound) Hazard

* Floods
* Wave Action
* Drought
* Rapid Glacier Advance

Examples of Hydrologic Hazard

* Mass Movement
* Landslide
* Earthquake
* Mudslide
* Avalanche
* Volcanic Eruption
* Rapid Sediment Movement

Examples of Geologic Hazard

* Epidemic in Humans, Animals, and Plants
* Locusts

Examples of Biologic Hazard

* Transportation Accident
* Industrial Explosions and Fire
* Accidental Release of Toxic Elements
* Nuclear accidents
* Collapse of Buildings
* Cyber Terrorism

Examples of Technologic Hazard

* Physical
* Psychological
* Environmental
* Biological
* Economic
* Socio-Cultural

Impacts of Natural Hazards

* Death
* Destruction of Important Infrastructure
* Loss of Housing

Physical Impacts

* Grief and Psychological Trauma or PTSD
* Marital Conflicts
* Depression
* Chronic Anxiety

Psychological Impacts

* Displacement
* Loss of Socio-Cultural Identity
* Forced Cultural Adaption
* Ethnic Conflicts

Socio-Cultural Impact

* Job Loss
* Harvest and Livestock Loss
* Loss of Financial Means
* Loss of Money and Valuables

Economic Impact

* Loss of Forests
* Loss of Fresh Water
* Biodiversity Disturbance
* Loss of Rivers and Tributaries

Environmental Impact

* Epidemic to people, flora, and fauna
* Chronic and Permanent Illnesses
* Mental Disorders (Contaminants)
* Proliferation of viral and bacteria diseases

Biological Impact

Exposure

Refers to the risk from a natural or man-made hazard event.

* Humans
* Residence
* Infrastructure
* Transport System
* Agricultural Commodities
* Environmental Assets

Included in Exposure

Vulnerability

The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

* Population Density
* Population Age
* Population Distribution

Demographic Factors

Population Density

The denser the population, the more efficient a response should be, considering the number of people that might be affected by a disaster.

Population Age

Very old and very young populations are less mobile and able to respond to hazard events well.

Population Distribution

Regardless of density, populations may be distributed differently within the hazard area.

* Wealth
* Education
* Nature of Society
* Understanding of the Area

Socio-Economic Factors

* Building Codes
* Scientific Monitoring and Early Warning Systems
* Building Codes
* Emergency Planning

Community Preparedness Factors

* Insurance Cover
* Emergency Personnel
* Aid Request

Dealing With the After Affects

* Physical
* Social
* Economic
* Environmental

Types of Vulnerability

20

Amount of typhoons that Visit Philippines Yearly

* Pacific Typhoon Belt
* Ring of Fire

The place that Philippines lie in.

Hazard Map

Developed to illuminate areas affected/vulnerable to a particular hazard.

Disaster Risk Reduction

Systematic approach to identifying, assessing, and reducing disaster risks.

Emergency Management

The ability of an individual or institution to prevent, prepare for, mitigate, respond to, and recover from a crisis.