MODULE 14 to MODULE 15

transport layer

Responsible for logical communications between applications running on different hosts

transport layer

It is the link between the application layer and the lower layers that are responsible for network transmission

TCP, UDP

The transport layer includes two protocols: _____ and _____

transmission control protocol

What does TCP stand for?

user datagram protocol

What does UDP stand for?

transport layer

What layer uses segmentation and multiplexing to enable different communication conversations to be interleaved on the same network?

transport layer

This layer is responsible for tracking individual conversations and segmenting data and reassembling segments

TCP

What transport layer protocol do the following application layer protocols use?

FTP

TCP

What transport layer protocol do the following application layer protocols use?

SMTP

UDP (by default) and TCP

What transport layer protocol do the following application layer protocols use?

DNS

UDP

What transport layer protocol do the following application layer protocols use?

TFTP

TCP

It is a connection-oriented transport layer protocol

TCP

This transport layer protocol ensures that all of the data arrives at the destination

TCP

This transport layer protocol provides reliability and flow control

TCP

What transport layer protocol have the following basic operations?

• Number and track data transmitted to a specific host from a specific application

• Acknowledge the received data

• Retransmit any unacknowledged data after a certain amount of time

UDP

This transport layer protocol is a connectionless protocol

UDP

This transport layer protocol is known as the stateless protocol

UDP

This transport layer protocol is known as the best effort delivery protocol because there is no acknowledgement that the data has been received at the destination

UDP

What transport layer protocol is used by request-and-reply applications where the data is minimal and retransmission can be done quickly?

TCP

What transport layer protocol is used applications if is it important that all of the data arrives and can be processed in its proper sequence?

TCP

This transport layer keeps track of the state of the communication session

TCP

What transport layer protocol has the following header fields?

• Source port

• Destination port

• Sequence number

• Acknowledgement number

• Header length

• Reserved

• Control bits

• Window size

• Checksum

• Urgent
  

TCP

What transport layer protocol do the following applications use?

• FTP

• HTTP

• SMTP

• SSH

UDP

This transport layer protocol is known to be best effort and lightweight

UDP

This transport layer protocol reconstructs data in the order that it is received

UDP

This transport layer protocol is used by live video and multimedia applications.

Socket

This is the combination of the source IP address and source port number, or the destination IP address and destination port number.

Socket pairs

This is used to identify the server and the service being requested by the client

IANA

This is the standard organization responsible for assigning various addressing standards, including the 16-bit port numbers.

0 to 1,023

These port number groups are well-known ports

registered ports

What port number group do port numbers 1,024 to 49,151 fall under?

private and/or dynamic ports

What port number group do port numbers 49,152 to 65,535 fall under?

netstat

This command is used as an important tool to verify connections

three-way handshake

In TCP connections, the host client establishes the connection with a server using the _______ process

FIN

What flag set does the client/server send to terminate the session?

segment sequence numbers

This indicates how to reassemble and reorder received segments

flow control

This refers to the amount of data that the destination can receive and process reliably.

flow control

This helps maintain the reliability of TCP transmission by adjusting the rate of the data flow between the source and destination for a given session

sliding window

This allows a sender to continuously transmit segments as long as the receiver is acknowledging previous segments

MSS or Maximum Segment Size

This refers to the maximum amount of data that the destination device can receive

1,460

A common MSS (Maximum Segment Size) is ______ bytes when using IPv4.

number of bytes

To control congestion, the host can reduce the ______ it sends before receiving an acknowledgment.

application layer

This layer ensures that the data is in a format the receiving device can use.

application layer

This layer is the closest layer to the end user

application layer

This layer provides the interface between the applications used to communicate and the underlying network over which messages are transmitted

application layer

This layer’s protocols are used to exchange data between programs running on the source and destination hosts

presentation layer

This layer formats data and it sets the standards for file formats

presentation layer

This layer formats data at the source device into a compatible format for receipt by the destination device

presentation layer

This layer compresses data in a way that the destination device can decompress

presentation layer

This layer encrypts data for transmission and decrypts data upon receipt

video

MKV, MPG, MOV are well-known standards for what type of file format?

images/graphics

GIF, JPG, PNG are well-known standards for what type of file format?

session layer

This layer creates and maintains dialogs between source and destination apllications

session layer

This layer handles the exchange of information to initiate dialogs, keep them active, and to restart sessions that are idle for a long time

application layer

What layer are client and server processes considered to be in?

upload

Data transfer from a client to the server is called a/an _____

download

Data transfer from a server to the client is called a/an ____

(1) P2P networks
(2) P2P applications

What are the two parts of a peer-to-peer (P2P) network model?

p2p networks

The physical or virtual infrastructure linking two or more computers, connected via a network, can share resources without having a dedicated server.

p2p networks

The roles of client and server are set on a per request basis

p2p applications

The software or program that lets users perform tasks over that physical infrastructure.

Allows a device to act as both a client and a server within the same communication

• protocol or scheme

• server namee

• specific file name requested

What are the three parts of the URL

HTTP

This is a request/response protocol that specifies the message types used for that communication.

Email

This is a store-and-forward method of sending, storing, and retrieving electronic messages across a network.

SMTP

This email protocol is used by an application to send email.

POP

This email protocol is used by an application to retrieve mail from a server, but it does not store messages.

IMAP

This email protocol describes a method to retrieve email messages and original messages are kept on the server until manually deleted by the user.

domain name

This was created to convert numeric IP addresses into a simple, recognizable name.

.com

This top-level domain is used for business or industry.

.org

This top-level domain is used for non-profit organizations.

.ph (Philippines)

.au (Australia)

This top-level domain is used for country of origin.

nslookup

When this command is issued, the default DNS server configured for your host is displayed.

DHCP

This protocol automates the assignment of IPv4 addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and other IPv4 networking parameters

DHCP

The ______ server chooses an address from a configured range of addresses (called a pool) and assigns (or leases) it to the host.

FTP (file transfer protocol)

This protocol was developed to allow for data transfers between a client and a server.

SMB (server message block)

This protocol is a client/server, request-response file sharing protocol.

It controls file and printer access and allows an application to send or receive messages to or from another device.