Methods makeup test

It is a beautiful day

This is a Inference

There are 18 desk in the room

Observation and qualitive

My students are happy

Inference

Bob is smiling 

Observation qualitive 

Sue is having a good day

Inference 

There are 7 people of interest

Observation, quantity  

Some people of interest are creeps

Inference

Safety is a important topic in science

Inference

Blue is your teachers favorite color

Inference

List at least 4 safety rules for labs this year

Wear googles, keep the aisle clear, No horsing around, follow directions, only do assigned experiments, keep work area clean

Fire triangle

One side is heat(turning off a burner), one side is oxygen(like a fire blanket blocking oxygen to the fuel), one side is fuel(removing leaves and what not so it does not fuel the fire.) and there is a fire in the middle.

What are the 2 components of the luminol solution we sprayed on the samples

1. The 2 components are luminol (C₈H₇O₃N₃) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).  
   

Is there a reaction when these 2 components are mixed?

Yes, there is a chemical reaction when these 2 components are mixed.

What is a catalyst?

 A catalyst speeds a chemical reaction to produce a stronger, visible glow.

What was the catalyst in the Luminol experiment, where is it located, and what did it do?

The catalyst, in this case, is the iron (Fe) in the hemoglobin molecules inside the red blood cells.  Without the iron speeding up the reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide, the light would not be bright enough to see in a dark room.

What substance in the experiment actually glowed? (blood, luminol solution, paper?)

The luminol is the substance that actually glows.

What is the function of a control group in an experiment?

Control groups are used for comparison. It represents a normal situation, or the “known” samples e.g. white light for the plants experiment.

What is a false positive control?

A known substance that responds the way you would expect when the substance being tested (blood) is present, BUT it is in fact NOT blood; our example bleach

What was the false positive control in the luminol lab?

The false positive control in the luminol lab is the bleach.

When a blood transfusion is taking place, what is the recipient actually getting from the donor's blood?

The recipient is only receiving RBC (red blood cells) from the donor, NOT the plasma and antibodies from the donor.

Think about antigens and antibodies.  Do they attack each other?  Explain.

Antigens and Antibodies of the same letter recognize each. The antibody will bind(attack) to the antigens with the same letter which will lead to agglutination. 

For example:

• People with blood type A have A antigens on their red blood cells and B antibodies in their plasma.

• If a person with blood type A receives blood type B, their B antibodies will attack the B antigens on the transfused blood cells, causing agglutination.

Which blood type is the universal donor? Explain in detail WHY this blood type can be called this.

Blood type O is the universal donor.

Blood type O has no antigens on its surface.  No matter what antibodies are present in the recipient there is nothing for those antibodies to attack on the surface of the RBCs.

Which blood type is the universal recipient? Explain in detail WHY this blood type can be called this

Blood type AB is the universal recipient.

Blood type AB has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in the plasma.  So, no matter what type of blood they are given they have none of the antibodies required to do the attacking.

What is the difference between a control and a constant?

A control is a test group using known materials and observing the results of those tests.  The results of the controls are used as a comparison to the experimental group tests to figure out what the unknowns are. Constants are factors that are kept the same between all of the experimental and control groups. (example: size of the plant pot, type of plant, amt of water)

What is the difference between a dependent and an independent variable?

The independent variable is the factor that is changed or manipulated by the experimenter to test its effect on something else, such as the color of light given to plants. It is the cause in a cause-and-effect relationship and is placed in the experiment's data table before any data is collected. 

he dependent variable is the DATA that you are recording

What is the difference between the experimental group and the independent variable?

The experimental group contains all of the “Unknowns”; these are the things you are testing that you currently do not know what the results of the testing will be.  The independent variable is the thing that you chose to be different: color of lights, the location from where the samples was taken, or whether or not the cyclist was drafting behind a truck.

Dependent variable 

Luminol:Kind of glow and reaction time. Blood typing:Clotting

Positive control

Luminol:Blood Blood typing:none

False positive

Luminol:Bleach Blood typing:none

Negative control

Luminol:water Blood typing:water

Control groups

Luminol:Positive control (blood), false positive control (bleach), negative control (water) Blood typing:

AB, A, B , O blood; negative control (water)

experiment control

Luminol:Samples from the floor, broken glass, napkin and rag Blood typing:Samples from the floor, broken glass, napkin and rag

Constants

Luminol:Same luminol; spray bottles; degree of darkness in the room; temperature of luminol; paper on which the samples are etc Blood typing:Well plates, glass rods, drop bottles, amount of blood tested, amount of antibodies; concentration of antibody solution