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Himalayas
Tallest mountain range in the world located in South Asia.
1.4 Billion People
Number of people in India, the world's most populous country.
Hindu Kush
Mountain range in northern India west of the Himalayas.
Mt. Everest
Tallest mountain in the world located in the Himalayas in Nepal and China.
Indus River Valley
Fertile valley in India and a bronze age civilization.
Ganges River Valley
Fertile valley in India.
Deccan Plateau
Plateau that makes up almost the entirety of the Indian peninsula and is home to factories and the IT industry.
Arabian Sea
Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent.
Bay of Bengal
Bay to the east of the Indian subcontinent.
Eastern and Western Ghats
Mountain ranges in the southern part of India.
Monsoon
A seasonal wind in south and southeast Asia that brings rainy and dry seasons.
Irrigation
A way to supply water to crops usually by channels.
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
Major cities of the Indus Valley civilization.
Indus Valley Script
A still undeciphered script that was used by the Indus Valley civilization.
Indus Valley Accomplishments
Planned cities, trade, and writing system.
Aryan Civilization
Noble ones who had their own language called Sanskrit, writing, and penned the Vedas.
Vedas
Collection of sacred hymns.
Vedic Age
Early Iron age in India when the Aryans ruled.
Sanskrit
Aryan script which is the ancestor of many Indian languages.
Maurya Empire
Empire founded in the later Iron age by Chandragupta Maurya.
Chandragupta Maurya
Ruled most of the Indian subcontinent and later became a Jain monk.
Jainism
An Indian religion that stresses doing no harm to any living creature.
Asoka
Third ruler of the Maurya empire who replaced rule by force with dharma and built many Buddhist temples.
Dharma principles
Ahimsa, tolerance, and well-being.
Ahimsa
The belief that one should not hurt any living thing.
Buddhism
A religion of eastern and central Asia growing out of the teaching of Siddhārtha Gautama that suffering is inherent in life and that one can be liberated from it by cultivating wisdom, virtue, and concentration.
Siddhartha Gautama
Founder of Buddhism.
Gupta Empire
Empire in India during the 300s-500s AD.
Caste System
Social order that one is born into.
Chandra Gupta
First leader of the Gupta Empire.
Gupta Achievements
Shrines of Ellora, zero, decimal system, accurate movement of the sun, earth, and moon.
Mughal Period
Muslim empire in the 1500s centered around Agra.
Barbur
Founder of the Mughal Empire.
Agra
City in the Mughal Empire located near Delhi.
Sikhism
Means seeker of truth and is a monotheistic religion founded by Nanuk in Punjab in the 1400s.
Nanuk
Founder of Sikhism.
British East India Company
Trading company from Britain that was later controlled by the British government and colonized India.
Mohandras Gandhi
20th century Hindu leader of the unified Indian independence movement who was assassinated; he led many non-violent protests against the British colonial rule.
Muslim League
20th century Muslim group campaigning for an independent Muslim state.
Partition
Division of India and Pakistan.
India and Pakistan
Countries at odds over the region of Kashmir.
Kashmir
Disputed land in the north of India.
1947
Year of India independence.
Federal system
India's government system that is divided among central, regional, and local governments.
Microlending
An industry in India that lends small amounts of money to those seeking to start small businesses.
Outsourcing
The practice of hiring people from overseas as cheaper skilled workers; India is a major source of outsourced employees for the United States and Britain.
